Topic B1 Flashcards

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  • Created by: TwixKix
  • Created on: 22-01-14 18:44
Blood Pressure
The pressure of the blood in the circulatory system
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Carbon Monoxide
A colourless, odourless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of carbon
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Arteries
A vessel that carries blood high in oxygen content away from the heart to the farthest reaches of the body
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Stroke
The sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow.
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Systolic
The blood pressure when the heart beats (maximum pressure)
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Diastolic
The blood pressure between the heart beats
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Fitness Vs Health
Being healthy is being free from disease, being fit is a measure of how well your body is able to do work
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a substance found in the blood. It is made in the liver and is needed for healthy cell membranes. However, too much cholesterol in the blood increases the risk of heart disease, and of diseased arteries.
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Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease is the term that describes what happens when your heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries.
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Thrombosis
Local clotting of the blood in a part of the circulatory system.
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Haemoglobin
A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates
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Balanced Diet
A diet that contains adequate amounts of all the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth and activity
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Adipose Tissue
A connective tissue that contains adipocytes (fat cells). The tissue stores energy in the form of fat within the adipocytes. The tissue is also used for cushioning, thermal insulation of vital organs, lubrication (chiefly in the pericardium), and pro
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Obesity
An increase in body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirement, as the result of an excessive accumulation of fat in the body.
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First class proteins
Proteins found in meats and fish
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Protein
Needed for growth and repair of body cells, one of the 7 food groups
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B.M.I
Body Mass Index- calculated by the formula; ( Weight in Kilograms / ( Height in Meters x Height in Meters ) )
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Kwashiorkor
Protein deficiency
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E.A.R
Estimated Average Requirement- the estimated requirement of protein ones body needs, calculated but the formula; 0.6 × body mass in kg
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Pathogen
An agent causing disease or illness to its host, such as an organism or infectious particle capable of producing a disease in another organism. Bacteria, Virus, Fungi and Protozoa are examples
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Contagious
May be transmitted from person to person
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Vector
An organism that transmits the agent or disease-causing organism from the reservoir to the host.
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Parasite
An organism that obtains nourishment and shelter on another organism
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Host
An organism that is infected with or is fed upon by a parasitic or pathogenic organism
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Malaria
An intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite which invades the red blood cells and is transmitted by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions
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Active immunity
A type of immunity or resistance developed in an organism by its own production of antibodies in response to an exposure to an antigen, a pathogen or to a vaccine.
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Passive immunity
A type of immunity acquired by the transfer of antibody from one individual to another, such as from mother to offspring
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White blood cells
Any of the blood cells that lack haemoglobin, colourless and with nucleus. Its primary role involves the body's immune system, protecting the body against invading microorganisms and foreign particles.
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Antigens
Any of the various substances that when recognized as non-self by the adaptive immune system triggers an immune response, stimulating the production of an antibody that specifically reacts with it.
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Antibodies
Antibodies are proteins. They can neutralise pathogens in a number of ways, ie. They can bind to pathogens and damage or destroy them and they can coat pathogens, clumping them together so that they are easily ingested by white blood cells called pha
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T-Lymphocyte
A type of lymphocyte that functions in cell-mediated immunity, and is distinguished from other types of lymphocytes by the presence of special receptor (T cell receptor) on the cell surface
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Placebo
A substance containing no medication and prescribed or given to reinforce a patient's psychological expectation to get well.
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Binocular vision
A type of vision wherein both eyes of an animal are used at the same time.
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Monocular vision
A type of vision in which the eyes are used separately
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Blind spot
Anatomically, the region in the retina that is not sensitive to light and where the optic nerve and blood vessels pass through
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Sense organs
Organs such as skin, nose, mouth, eyes and ears that can pick up senses
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Short-Sighted
They see objects more clearly when they are close to the eye, while distant objects appear blurred or fuzzy. Reading and close-up work may be clear, but distance vision is blurry
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Accommodate (vision)
To become adjusted, as the eye to focusing on objects at a distance.
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Corneal surgery
Short-sight and long-sight may be corrected by corneal surgery (‘laser surgery’), or by using appropriate lenses in spectacles or contact lenses.
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Reaction Time
The time that elapses between a stimulus and the response to it.
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Neurone
A cell specialised to operate in the nervous system.
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Sensory
A sensory neurone sends signal to relay neurone
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Motor
A motor neurone sends signal to effector
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Cell
The structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms.
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Reflex
A reflected action or movement, the sum total of any particular involuntary activity. An automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus.
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Axon
A long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.
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Synapse
The junction between neurons such that the nerve impulse is transmitted from a neuron to another neuron or to a muscle cell or gland cell.
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Acetylcholine
A chemical found in vertebrate neurons that carries information across the synaptic cleft, the space between two nerve cells.
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Addiction
The state of being given up to some habit, especially strong dependence on a drug.
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Depressants
A drug that decreased brain activity and increases reaction time
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Hallucinogens
A class of medications (for example LSD, marijuana, peyote, heroin, cocaine) that result in a distorted perception of reality. Often accompanied by hallucinations.
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Stimulants
Drugs that act as stimulants can temporarily increase alertness and awareness, or temporarily increase body or organ function
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Alcohol effects
Alcohol has short-term effects such as sleepiness and impaired judgment, balance and muscle control. This leads to blurred vision and slurred speech. The long-term effects of alcohol include damage to the liver and brain.
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Withdrawal symptoms
The unpleasant physical reaction that accompanies the process of ceasing to take an addictive drug.
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Smokers cough
A persistent cough caused by excessive smoking.
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Blood alcohol limits
The legal limit of alcohol in the blood for drivers and pilots to be able to drive.
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Breathalyser
A device used by police for measuring the amount of alcohol in a driver's breath.
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Asprin
An antinflammatory drug
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Cirrhosis
Liver disease characterised pathologically by loss of the normal microscopic lobular architecture, with fibrosis and nodular regeneration
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Homostasis
In humans, homeostasis happens when the body regulates body temperature in an effort to maintain an internal temperature around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. For example, we sweat to cool off during the hot summer days, and we shiver to produce heat durin
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Shiver
Shake slightly and uncontrollably as a result of being cold in the body's effort to maintain heat.
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Sweating
Perspiring in the body's effort to cool itself down
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Heat stroke
A severe and often fatal illness produced by exposure to excessively high temperatures
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Negative feedback
Negative feedback ensures that, in any control system, changes are reversed and returned back to the set level.
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Hypothalamus
A portion of the brain which lies beneath the thalamus and secretes substances which control metabolism by exerting an influence on pituitary gland function.
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Hypothermia
A condition as a result of lowered temperature in the internal Environment of an organism, which reduces the metabolic Rate to a dangerous level, which in turn produces less heat from the metabolic reactions.
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Vasodilation
The increase in the internal diameter of a blood vessel that results from relaxation of smooth muscle within the wall of the vessel. This causes an increase in blood flow, but a decrease in systemic vascular resistance.
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Diabetes
Diabetes means your blood glucose is too high. Your blood always has some glucose in it because your body needs glucose for energy to keep you going. But too much glucose in the blood isn't good for your health.
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Hormone
A naturally occuring substance secreted by specialised cells that affects the metabolism or behaviour of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone
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Insulin pump
The insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of insulin in the treatment of diabetes
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Auxin
A plant growth hormone.
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Geotropism
Where roots grow downwards
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Phototropism
Where shoots grow towards light
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Dormant seeds
Seeds that are not yet ready to germinate as they need a trigger do so, eg. light, temperature etc
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Rooting powder
A growth substance to stimulate rood growth in plant cuttings
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Selective weedkillers
Weedkillers that work on some species but not others so can be used to kill a species of plant which is together with another plant species.
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Ethene
A flammable colorless gaseous alkene; obtained from petroleum and natural gas and used in manufacturing many other chemicals; sometimes used as an anesthetic
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A colourless, odourless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of carbon

Back

Carbon Monoxide

Card 3

Front

A vessel that carries blood high in oxygen content away from the heart to the farthest reaches of the body

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The blood pressure when the heart beats (maximum pressure)

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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