The reaction in which many small molecule monomers bond together to form a long chain polymer.
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Addition Reaction
A reaction in which at least two molecules combine together to form a larger molecule.
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Alcohols
Organic compounds containing the functional group -OH . The first four members of a homologous series of alcohols are methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. Alcohols can be oxidised to carboxylic acids and dehydrated to alkenes.
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Biodegradable
Able to be broken down by living organisms.
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Carboxylic Acids
Organic compounds containing the functional group -COOH. The first four members of a homologous series of carboxylic acids are methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid and butanoic acid. Carboxylic acids are dehydrated to alkenes.
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Complete Combustion
Combustion carried out in sufficient oxygen. Water and carbon dioxide are the only products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon.
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Condensation Polymerisation (H)
Reactions in which monomers join together and lose small molecules, such as water. These reactions involve monomers with two functional groups.
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DNA
Molecule which encodes genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms and viruses. Most DNA molecules are tow polymer chains, made from four different nucleotides, in the form of a double helix.
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Ester (H)
The product of a condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and alcohol.
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Fermentation
A chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically. Ethanol is produced when sugar solutions are fermented using yeast.
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Flame Photometer
A device used in flame photometry to identify the concentration of metal ions in a sample.
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Flame Photometry
An instrumental method used to analyse metal ions in solutions. The sample is put into a flame and the light given out is passed through a photometer. The output is a line spectrum that can be analysed to identify the metal ions in the solution and measur
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Flame Test
Qualitative test used to identify metal ions (cations). Carried out by inserting a nichrome wire loop with the unknown compound on into a flame and observing the colour.
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Fractional Distillation
A process used to separate mixture of liquids. A solution of ethanol can be obtained from a fermentation mixture by a fractional distillation.
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Functional Group
The group of atoms responsible for how a particular compound reacts. All compounds in the same homologous series have the same functional group.
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Homologous Series
A series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.
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Hydrocarbons
Molecules that are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
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Instrumental Methods
Methods used to detect and identify elements and compounds. They are accurate, sensitive and rapid.
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Monomer
Small short chain molecules which can join together to form a long chain polymer.
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Nanoparticles
Particles with diameters between 1nm to 100nm in size. Nanoparticles can exhibit particles different to those for the same material in bulk.
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Nucleotides
The monomers which make up DNA.
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Polyester (H)
A category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Formed by a condensation reaction between a diol and a dicarboxylic acid.
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Polymer
Large long-chain molecules made up of lots of small monomers joined together by covalent bonds.
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Proteins
Polymers made up of amino acid molecules.
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Qualitative Analysis
Identification of the elements, ion or functional groups present in a compound.
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Repeating Unit
The part of a polymer whose repetition would produce the complete polymer chain.
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Saturated Hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon compound containing only isngle bonds between carbon atoms. Alkanes are saturated compounds.
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Starch
A polymer based on sugars.
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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
A compound that contains double or triple carbon bonds so that it does not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Alkenes are unsaturated compounds.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Addition Reaction
Back
A reaction in which at least two molecules combine together to form a larger molecule.
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