Topic 7: The Variety of Life

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  • Created by: Ffionmw
  • Created on: 09-02-19 19:30
Define classification.
The grouping of living organisms into groups that have similar features and characteristics.
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Give two reasons for classifying living organisms.
1. It makes it easier to identify organisms. 2. It helps scientists communicate with each other
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What is the order of naming species. (Hint: Kicking Pigs Can Only Fly Going Sideways)
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
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What is the genus of a Panthera tigris?
Panthera
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Why are binomial/scientific names used?
To avoid confusion because organisms have different names in different languages
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What is a morphological adaptation?
A structural adaptation of the organism e.g. petal length
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Give an example of a behavioural adaptation.
The time of day when an animal is active, the type of food it eats etc
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Give examples of how a camel is adapted to live in a desert environment.
Pads on feet - can walk on hot sand, spreads weight, hump packed with fat - food and water store, doesn't sweat - won't lose lots of water, thick lips - tough so can eat cacti, thick fur - regulate temperature, thick eyelashes - to keep sand out
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What resources do plants need to live?
Light, Water, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Minerals.
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What resources do animals need to live?
Food, Oxygen, Water, Minerals.
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Competition takes place between members of the same species but it also occurs between organisms of different species with similar needs. When does competition occur?
Competition only occurs when a particular factor e.g. food is in limited supply.
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Competition puts a limit on the potential numbers of a population. What other factors are also important?
Predation, disease and pollution all contribute to the death rate in a population and so limit its size.
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1.Define interspecific competition. 2. Define intraspecific competition.
1. When animals compete with members of a different species. 2. When animals compete with members of the same species.
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What is biodiversity?
The number of different species in an area
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Why is biodiversity a good thing?
It leads to stable environments, it makes habitats more interesting to humans for leisure and scientific purposes, the more different species of plants there are the more potential there is for developing new drugs.
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Why is biodiversity important?
It provides foods, industrial materials, new medicines and is necessary for human well being
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How can biodiversity and endangered species be protected?
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Captive breeding programmes, National parks, Seed/sperm banks, Local biodiversity action plans, Legislation to protect habitats/individual species
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Why does biodiversity make environments more stable?
The more biodiversity there is in an area, the more options each species has if a source of food is wiped out, and so the environment is more stable.
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How do we sample an area to find the numbers of plants and animals there?
1. The sample must be big enough to be representative of the area as a whole. 2. The sample must be random, so that it is free from any unconscious bias on the part of the data collector. 3. The method of sampling must not affect the results
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Using quadrats to get data about biodiversity. 1. The area to be sampled is divided into a numbered grid - each square is the size of one quadrat. 2. A random number generator is used to choose the numbers of the squares sampled. -->
The more varied the area, the greater the number of squares sampled. 3. The quadrat is placed on each of the numbered squares in turn. 4.The species within the quadrat are identified, counted and recorded.
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An area of 2000m2 is sampled, counting the number of dandelion plants. The sample is 100 quadrats each side is 0.5m. The total count of dandelions is 70. Estimate the number of dandelions in the area = number counted x (total area/ area sampled)
size of quadrat = 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25m Area sampled = 100 x 0.25 = 25 Number of dandelions = 70 x (2000/25) = 5600
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What is the following equation used for? - population= (number in 1st sample x number in 2nd sample)/ number in 2nd sample marked ... N=MX/R
This equation is used to estimate the population size using data from a capture/recapture experiment.
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What conditions must we assume apply when using the capture/recapture technique?
1. There is no death or birth 2. There is no immigration or emmigration 3. The marking technique does not affect the chances of survival 4.Sufficient time must have elapsed between the taking of the two samples
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What is an alien species?
A species introduced to an area where it is not normally found.
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What problems can alien species cause?
1. Introsuced species may compete with native species for resources. 2.It might carry a disease to which it has immunity but existing populations do not. 3.It could predate on existing species. 4.It may have no predators so numbers may grow too much
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What is an invasive species?
A species whose numbers grow faster than native species and upset the ecological balance.
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What is biological control?
Using one organism to keep the numbers of another organism under control e.g lady birds can be used to control aphids.
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When biological control goes wrong, what problems can the predators cause?
Some populations grow out of control because they have no predators, they eat species apart from the pest species.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give two reasons for classifying living organisms.

Back

1. It makes it easier to identify organisms. 2. It helps scientists communicate with each other

Card 3

Front

What is the order of naming species. (Hint: Kicking Pigs Can Only Fly Going Sideways)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the genus of a Panthera tigris?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why are binomial/scientific names used?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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