provision made by government for the welfare or well-being of its citizens, through education, housing, healthcare, pensions, and a range of other benefits, such as unemployment insurance and sick leave.
1 of 18
national benefits
financial and other support provided by central government agencies, such as the state retirement pension and contribution-based Jobseeker’s Allowance
2 of 18
local benefits
financial and other support provided by local councils, including housing benefit, council tax benefit, education benefits and social services
3 of 18
contributory benefits
financial and other benefits aimed at people who have paid (or contributed) enough national insurance (NI) contributions to qualify; if they become unemployed, they are entitled to claim NI benefits
4 of 18
non-contributory benefits
support designed for people who are in financial need but who have not paid enough national insurance (NI) contributions to qualify for NI benefits; such benefits include Income Support, Working Tax Credits and Child Tax Credits
5 of 18
dependency culture
long-term dependency on welfare benefits and the deliberate avoidance of work
6 of 18
means-tested benefits
the use of a means test (or an income test) to assess whether a person needs financial support before they receive help from public funds; how much money they get (if any) depends on their income and savings
7 of 18
poverty trap
ituation where, if a person takes a job, they end up no better off (or even worse off) because the extra income disqualifies them from claiming social security benefits or raises their tax liability
8 of 18
selective benefits
financial and other support targeted at those in most need on the basis of a means test
9 of 18
universal benefit
financial support available to anyone who meets certain criteria, e.g. Child Benefit is paid to anyone who has responsibility for a child no matter how rich or poor they are
10 of 18
minimum wage
the lowest hourly, daily or monthly wage that employers may legally pay to employees or workers
11 of 18
unemployment rate
the percentage of economically active people who are unemployed
12 of 18
economically active
those aged 16 and over who are either in work or actively seeking work
13 of 18
economically inactive
people who are neither in work nor actively seeking work
14 of 18
welfare-to-work policies
nitiatives designed to increase the job opportunities available to benefit claimants through training and work experience schemes, education, advice and counselling services, and increased benefits
15 of 18
discrimination
the way people behave towards others about whom they hold prejudiced attitudes; unequal treatment given by one group of people towards another
16 of 18
indirect discrimination
occurs when a member of one group is put at more of a disadvantage than another by a requirement or restriction, e.g. a requirement to wear a particular uniform at work could put members of one group at more of a disadvantage than another
17 of 18
victimisation
occurs when a person is treated less favourably because they have complained about discrimination
18 of 18
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
financial and other support provided by central government agencies, such as the state retirement pension and contribution-based Jobseeker’s Allowance
Back
national benefits
Card 3
Front
financial and other support provided by local councils, including housing benefit, council tax benefit, education benefits and social services
Back
Card 4
Front
financial and other benefits aimed at people who have paid (or contributed) enough national insurance (NI) contributions to qualify; if they become unemployed, they are entitled to claim NI benefits
Back
Card 5
Front
support designed for people who are in financial need but who have not paid enough national insurance (NI) contributions to qualify for NI benefits; such benefits include Income Support, Working Tax Credits and Child Tax Credits
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