What are the four main structural changes in skeletal muscle after a period of endurance training? (4 marks)
Increased capillary density, Increase in mitochondrial size and density, increased oxidative enzymes, changes in muscle fibre composition
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What changes are seen in muscle fibre composition after a period of endurance training? (2 marks)
Increase in type IIa fibres and decrease in type IIb fibres. (tranformation of IIx to IIa)
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How does increased capillary density allow greater oxygen extraction? (3 marks)
There is a greater surface area for O2 uptake; there is a shorter diffusion distance; there is a slower blood flow; there ins an increase in red cell transit time
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How is the respiratory exchange ratio calculated? ( 3 marks)
R = VCO2 / VO2
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What happens to the respiratory exchange ratio at rest after a period of endurance training? (1 mark)
Respiratory exchange ratio is reduced.
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How do endurance trained individuals get more fatty acids into the muscle? (1 mark)
Increased capillary density means slower blood flow through muscle.. therefore more time for uptake of fatty acids
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What is the benefit of increasing fat utilisation? (1 mark)
Reduced gycogen utilisation, glycogen spared in prolonged exercise - delayed onset of speed - sprint finish!!!
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What causes increased glycogen storage after a period of endurance training? (1 mark)
Training for 7 consecutive days, 60 mins at 75% VO2 max. But increased fat oxidisation
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What changes are seen in muscle fibre composition after a period of endurance training? (2 marks)
Back
Increase in type IIa fibres and decrease in type IIb fibres. (tranformation of IIx to IIa)
Card 3
Front
How does increased capillary density allow greater oxygen extraction? (3 marks)
Back
Card 4
Front
How is the respiratory exchange ratio calculated? ( 3 marks)
Back
Card 5
Front
What happens to the respiratory exchange ratio at rest after a period of endurance training? (1 mark)
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