Topic 4A: DNA, RNA and protein synthesis 4.5 / 5 based on 7 ratings ? BiologyDNA, genetics and evolutionCellular processesASAQA Created by: djchrishizzleCreated on: 15-02-16 14:35 What is the protein DNA is wound around in a eukaryotic cell? Histones 1 of 41 What organelles in eukaryotic cells have their own DNA? Chloroplasts and mitochondria 2 of 41 How is DNA different in prokaryotic cells than eukaryotic? Prokaryotic DNA is shorter and circular and isn't wound around histones, it condenses by supercoiling 3 of 41 How does prokaryotic DNA fit in the cell? By supercoiling 4 of 41 Do prokaryotic cells carry DNA as chromosomes? Yes 5 of 41 What is a gene? It is a sequence of DNA bases that code for a polypeptide or funtional RNA 6 of 41 What is a triplet/codon? A sequence of 3 bases in a gene 7 of 41 What is a genome? The complete set of genes found in a cell 8 of 41 What is a proteome? The full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce 9 of 41 What are introns? A section of DNA that doesn't code for amino acids 10 of 41 What are exons? All the bits of a gene that do code for amino acids 11 of 41 What are multiple repeats? DNA sequences that repeat over and over - they are non coding 12 of 41 What are alleles? Different versions of the same gene 13 of 41 What forms the primary structure of a protein? The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide 14 of 41 Name two types of non coding DNA Introns and multiple repeats 15 of 41 What are the sections within genes that code for amino acids? Exons 16 of 41 What is functional RNA? RNA molecules except mRNA e.g. tRNA or rRNA 17 of 41 What's a homologulous pair? Pairs of matching chromosomes 18 of 41 What are the features of a homologulous pair of chromosomes? They are the same size and have the same genes but different alleles 19 of 41 What is a locus? The position on a chromosome where a particular allele is found 20 of 41 What is protein synthesis? The production of proteins from the iformation contained within a cell's DNA 21 of 41 What are the two stages of protein synthesis? Transcription and translation 22 of 41 What are codons? Groups of 3 adjacent bases on mRNA 23 of 41 What is the function of mRNA? It carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosmes 24 of 41 When is mRNA made? During transcription 25 of 41 What holds a tRNA molecule in shape? Hydrogen bonds 26 of 41 What is an anticodon? A specific sequence of 3 bases at one end of a tRNA molecule 27 of 41 What is the funtion of tRNA? It carries amino acids that are used to make proteins to the ribsosomes 28 of 41 What does RNA do? It lines up free nucleotide bases alongside the exposed bases on the template strand and complementary base pairing happens 29 of 41 What is splicing? When introns are removed and exons are joined together in pre-mRNA 30 of 41 Why does splicing not occur in prokaryotic cells? There are no introns in prokaryotic DNA 31 of 41 Why is the mRNA that's produced from a DNA template always a complementary copy of the DNA? Because of complementary base pairing 32 of 41 What type of bond joins two amino acids together? A peptide bond 33 of 41 At what organelle does translation take place? Ribosomes 34 of 41 What are the three features of the genetic code? It is degenerate, non overlapping and universal 35 of 41 How is the genetic code non overlapping? Each base triplet is read in sequence, seperate from the triplet before and after it 36 of 41 How is the genetic code degenerate? Some amino acids are coded for by more than one base triplet (e.g. tyrosine is UAU or UAC) 37 of 41 How is the genetic code universal? The same specific base triplets code for the same amino acids in all living things 38 of 41 What is meant by the term 'start signal' in mRNA? A base triplet that tells the cell when to start production of a particular protein 39 of 41 What evidence proves the genetic code is degenerate? There are more possible combinations of triplets than there are amino acids 40 of 41 How many amino acids are there and how many possible triplets? There are 20 amino acids and 64 possible triplets 41 of 41
Genetic information, variation and relationships between organisms AQA AS Biology PART 1 of 6 TOPICS: DNA, genes and chromosomes 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating Teacher recommended
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