Topic 2 - Motion and forces

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What do vectors have?
Magnitude and direction
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What is distance? Scalar of vector?
Scalar - distance has no specific direction
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What is velocity? Scalar or vector?
Vector
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What is speed? Scalar or vector?
Scalar
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What is displacement? Scalar or vector?
Vector
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Explain the difference between scalar and vector quantity
Scalar quantities do not give a specific direction, whereas vector quantities do give a direction
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distance travelled =
speed x time
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What is the speed of sound in air?
340m/s
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What is acceleration?
Acceleration is how quickly you're speeding up
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acceleration =
change in velocity divided by time - (v-u) divided by time
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What does uniform acceleration mean?
A constant acceleration
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Acceleration due to gravity (g) on Earth =
Roughly 10m/s
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Constant acceleration =
v2 - u2 = 2 x a x X (X = Distance) (x= multiply)
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What do distance time graphs tell you?
How far something has travelled in a certain amount of time
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If the line on a distance time graph is a straight line, what does this mean?
It is equal to the gradient of the line
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Speed = gradient =
change in vertical height (divided by) change in horizontal
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Vertical height = 20m. Horizontal = 2/s. What is the speed?
20/2 = 10m/s
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How do you work out the speed if the line is a curve? (Distance time graph)
Draw a tangent to the curve at that point, and then find the gradient of the tangent.
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What does a flat line mean on a velocity time graph?
Steady speed
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Downhill sections mean what? (Velocity-time graph)
Deceleration
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The steeper the graph, the greater the .....?
Acceleration or Deceleration
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How do you work out distance travelled on a velocity time graph?
The area under any section of the graph (or all of it) is equal to the distance travelled. Find the value of one square, count the total underneath the line and multiply them together.
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What is Newton's first law?
If the resultant force on a stationary object is zero, the object will remain stationary. If the resultant force on a moving object is zero, it'll carry on moving at the same velocity (same speed and direction)
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Acceleration is proportional to the resultant force. True or false?
True
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What is Newton's second law?
F = m x a /
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Name 3 safety features in cars that decrease the risk of injuries during large decelerations
Seat belts, air bags (these both slow you down gradually). Crumple zones at the front and back of the car are designed to crumple easily in a collision, increasing the time taken to stop, meaning less acceleration in a short period of time.
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What is the difference between weight and mass?
Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity, whereas mass (a scalar quantity) is just the amount of "stuff" in an object
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Weight =
mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)
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What is the force that keeps something moving in a circle?
Centripetal force
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Name a core practical on how to investigate force = mass x acceleration (Newton's second law)
Motion of a trolley down a ramp. Set up 2 light gates to a data logger, and add mass to the trolley each time. The acceleration should decrease.
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What is Newton's third law?
When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and oppostie
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What is inertia?
Inertia is the tendency for motion to remain unchanged. This means the tendency to keep moving with the same velocity.
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How can you work out the inertial mass?
Rearrange Newton's second law. Change is to m = F/a
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How do you work out momentum?
mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)
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What is momentum?
Momentum is a property that all moving objects have. It's defined as the product of the object's mass and velocity
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Scalar - distance has no specific direction

Back

What is distance? Scalar of vector?

Card 3

Front

Vector

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Scalar

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Vector

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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