The acceleration, g, experienced by an object travelling in free-fall. Its value at the surface of Earth is 10m/s(2).
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Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity. It can be calculated from the gradient of a velocity-time graph.
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Braking Distance
The distance of a vehicle travels under the braking force. This can be affected by adverse road and weather conditions as well as the condition of the vehicle.
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Centripetal Force (H)
The resultant force that acts towards the centre of the circular path of an object travelling with circular motion.
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Circular Motion (H)
The motion of an object travelling in a circle. An object travelling in circular motion is always acceleration due to its continual direction change. This means that a centripetal force is always required.
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Conservation of Momentum (H)
The total momentum of a system before an event is always equal to the total momentum of the system after the event.
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Displacement
A measure of how far an object moves in a given direction. It is the straight line between the stating and finishing points and is a vector quantity.
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Distance-Time Graph
A plot of how an object's distance changes over time. The gradient of the graph at any point, equals the object's speed at that point.
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Distance
A measure of how far an object moves. It does not depend on direction and is therefore a scalar quantity.
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Free-Fall
Motion under the force of gravity alone.
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Human Reaction Time
The time it takes for the brain to react to a stimulus. Typical human reaction times are in the range of 0.2-0.9 seconds.
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Inertial Mass (H)
A measure of how hard it is to change an object's velocity. It equals the ratio of force over acceleration.
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Momentum (H)
The product of an object's mass and velocity.
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Newton
The unit of force.
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Newton's First Law
If a stationary object's resultant force is zero, the object will remain stationary. If a moving object's resultant force is zero, the object will continue to move at a constant velocity, in the same direction and at the same speed.
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Newton's Second Law
An object's acceleration is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on it, and inversely proportional to the object's mass.
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Newton's Third Law
The forces that two objects exert on each other when they interact are equal and opposite.
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Resultant Force
The single force that can replace all the individual forces acting on an objects, and have the same effect.
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Scalar Quantities
Quantities that only have a magnitude, not a direction.
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Speed
A scalar quantity that is a measure of the rate of change of distance. The average speed is calculated by dividing the distance travelled by the speed taken.
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Stopping Distance
The sum of the thinking and braking distances.
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Thinking Distance
The distance a vehicle travels during the driver's reaction time. This reaction time may be affected by tiredness, drugs or alcohol.
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Vector Quantities
Quantities that have both a magnitude and direction. They are represented by an arrow, with the length representing the magnitude and the arrowhead representing the direction.
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Velocity-Time Graph
A plot of how an object's velocity changes over time. The gradient at any point, equals the object's acceleration at that point. The area under the graph equals the object's acceleration at that point. The area under the graph equals the object's displace
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Velocity
A vector quantity that is a measure of the rate of change of displacement. It is the speed in a given direction.
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Weight
The force acting on an object due to gravity. It is equal to the product of the object's mass and the gravitational field strength at its location. It can be measured using a Newton Meter.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Acceleration
Back
The rate of change of velocity. It can be calculated from the gradient of a velocity-time graph.
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