Topic 1A- Proteins

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  • Created by: mscerdan
  • Created on: 27-09-16 17:47
What are the monomers of protein called?
Amino acids
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What is it called when two amino acids join together?
Dipeptide
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What is a polypeptide?
When more than two amino acids join together in a chain
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Proteins are made up of one or more ____________s?
Polypeptides
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What are the three groups in the general strcture of an amino acid?
- Amino group - Carboxyl group - Variable group (R)
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Draw the general structure for an amino acid
Page 8 of revision guide
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What type of reaction joins together amino acids?
A condensation reaction
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What type of bond joins together the amino acids in a condensation reaction?
Peptide bond
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Which groups of the amino acid join together to form a peptide bond, releasing a molecule of water?
The carboxyl group and the amino group
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What are the four structural levels of a protein called?
- Primary - Secondary - Tertiary - Quaternary
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What is the primary structure?
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
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What is the secondary structure?
As hydrogen bonds are formed between amino acids in the chain, this makes it automatically coil into an alpha helix or fold into a beta pleated sheet
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What is the tertiary structure?
When the secondary structure is folded and coiled even more
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What bonds are involved in the tertiary structure?
Hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds
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What are disulfide bridges?
When two cysteine (an amino acid) come close together- the sulfur atom in one cysteine bonds to the sulfur atom in the other
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Is the tertiary structure the final 3D structure for a protein?
It is when the protein is made up of only one polypeptide chain, otherwise it isn't
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What is the quaternary structure ?
The way that several polpeptide chians are assembled together. It is the final 3D structure for a protein that contains more than one polpeptide chain
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Give four types of proteins
- Enzymes - Antibodies - Transport proteins - Structural proteins
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What is the structure of an enzyme?
It is roughly spherical due to the tight folding of its polypeptide chains
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What feature allows some enzymes to have roles in metabolism?
They are soluble
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Some enzymes help to synthesise large molecules- what does this mean?
That some enzymes help to make large molecules
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What type of protein is involed in the immune response?
Antibodies
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What are antibodies made up of?
Two long and two short polypeptide chains bonded together
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Antibodies have ________ regions
variable regions
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Give an example of a transport protein
Channel proteins
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Where are channel proteins present?
In the cell membranes
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What cause channel proteins to fold up and form a structural channel?
Channel proteins contain a hydrophic and hydrophilic amino acids which cause it to fold up
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What do channel proteins do?
They transport molecules and ions across membranes
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What is a feature of a structural protein
It is physically strong
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What is the structure of a structural protein?
Long polypeptide chains lying parallel to each other with cross-links between them
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Give an example of a structural protein
- Keratin - Collagen
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What is the test for proteins called?
Biuret test
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How is the biuret test carried out?
- Make the protein alkaline by adding sodium hydroxide solution - Add copper (II) sulfate solution
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What are the positive and negative results for the biuret test?
Positive: Purple - Negative: Stays pale blue
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is it called when two amino acids join together?

Back

Dipeptide

Card 3

Front

What is a polypeptide?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Proteins are made up of one or more ____________s?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the three groups in the general strcture of an amino acid?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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