Draw a diagram showing the condensation reaction between monosaccharides
(Page 2 of revision guide)
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What type of reaction is used to break disaccharides or polysaccharides apart into their monomers?
A hydrolysis reaction
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What addition breaks the bond in a hydrolysis reaction?
A molecule of water
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What solution can be used for testing for reducing sugars?
Benedict's reagent
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How do you carry out a test for reducing sugars?
- Add Benedict's reagent to the sample - Put in a water bath that has been brought to the boil
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How do you know if a sample contains reducing sugars after testing it?
The solution should turn a series of colours- Blue, green, yellow, orange then brick red
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What is a negative result for the reducing sugars test?
If the solutions stays blue
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How can you observe the concentration of reducing sugars in a sample?
The further along the colour change series the solution goes, the higher the concentration
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What is a more accurate way of identifying the concentration of reducing sugars?
Filter the solution and weigh the precipitate
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How can you test for non-reducing sugars?
- Do the reducing sugars test and if it turns negative do this -> - Add dilute HCl - Heat in a water bath that has been brought to the boil - Neautralise it with sodium hydrogencarbonate - Add Benedeict's reagent
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What is a positive result for the non-reducing sugars test?
A coloured precipitate
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What is a negative result for the non-reducing sugars test?
The solution will stay blue
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What is a polysaccharide?
More than two monosaccharides joined together in a chain by a condensation reaction
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Give three examples of polysaccharides
- Starch - Glycogen - Cellulose
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Starch is the main ______ _______ in plants
Energy storage
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Plants store excess glucose as...?
Starch
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What two polysaccharides is starch made up of?
Amylose and Amylopectin
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What is the structure of amylose?
It is a long, unbranched chain with a coiled structure that is compact
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Why is the structure of amylose suited to its fuction?
It is compact so it is good for storage as you can fit more in a smaller space
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What is the structure of amylopectin?
A long branched chain
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Why is the structure of amylopectin suited to its function?
The brached structure gives it a larger surface area to allow the enzymes to quickly break down the molecule at the glycosidic bonds and release glucose easily
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What is the test for starch?
Potassium iodide
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What is a positive result for a starch test?
Blue black
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In animals, how is excess glucose stored?
As glycogen
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To which other polysaccharide is the structure of glycogen similar to?
Amylopectin
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What makes the structure of glycogen different to that of amylopectin?
It has more branches
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Why is glycogen highly branched?
For fast release of glucose
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How is glycogen good for storage?
It is compact
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What is cellulose used for?
It is the main component in keeping the structure of cell walls in plants
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What monosaccharide is cellulose made of?
Beta glucose
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What is the structure of cellulose?
Long, unbranched chains linked together by hydrogen bonds forming strong fibres
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What are the strong fibres called in the structure of cellulose?
Microfibrils
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How do the microfibrils contribute to the function of cellulose?
They provide structural support as they are very strong
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a polymer?
Back
A large, complex molecule composed of long chains of monomers all joined together
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