a testable statement that forms the basis for research; a hunch or informed guess; depending on the evidence collected, the hypothesis is either supported (i.e. proved right) or refuted (i.e. proved wrong)
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pilot study
a test procedure or trial run carried out to ensure that the methods chosen by the researcher are likely to be appropriate or fit for the purpose
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population
the whole of the group being studied
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sample
a subgroup of the population selected for study
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sampling frame
a complete list of all members of the population from which the sample will be drawn, e.g. college register
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representative sample
a sample that is typical of, and reflects the characteristics of, its wider population
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generalisation
a general statement or conclusion that applies not only to the sample in a research study but also to the wider population from which the sample is taken
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probability (or random) sampling
selecting a sample from a sampling frame, where everyone has a known chance of being selected and included in the sample
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non-probability sampling
a method of choosing a sample used when a sampling frame is not available
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simple random sampling
each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample (e.g. drawing names from a hat).
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systematic random sampling
involves taking every nth item from the sampling frame (e.g. taking every tenth name frim a membership list).
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stratified random sampling
involves dividing the population into strata or sub-populations (e.g. via their gender or colour).
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snowball sampling
researcher would begin by making contact with one member of the population, gradually gaining their trust until that person is willing to provide the names of others in the given population who might cooperate (e.g. homeless people).
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quota sampling
interviewer will be given a certain number of people that he has to interview and he has to interview them until he has fufilled that number.
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purposive sampling
the sample is selected according to a known characteristic (e.g. female police officer)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
a test procedure or trial run carried out to ensure that the methods chosen by the researcher are likely to be appropriate or fit for the purpose
Back
pilot study
Card 3
Front
the whole of the group being studied
Back
Card 4
Front
a subgroup of the population selected for study
Back
Card 5
Front
a complete list of all members of the population from which the sample will be drawn, e.g. college register
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