topic 1 section 2

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  • Created by: sausage
  • Created on: 23-09-21 17:02
Scientific method
A method of procedure in scientific investigations consisting of systematic observation, measurement, experiment and the formulation, testing and modification of an hypothesis.
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Systematic
refers to any procedure conducted according to a fixed, pre-determined plan
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hypothesis
A statement proposing an explanation for an observation, made on the basis of limited evidence, as a starting point for further investigation or experiment.
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infant mortality rate
The number of deaths occurring in infants under one year of age expressed as a rate per 1000 live births in a defined population.
(IMR)
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under-five child mortality rate
The number of deaths occurring in children under five years of age expressed as a rate per 1000 live births in a defined population.
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mortality rate
The number of deaths occurring per 1000 individuals in a population, or per 10 000, per 100 000, or per million population.
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line graph
A method of presenting numerical data plotted on a grid between vertical and horizontal axes, each marked with a scale. The data points are joined by lines that makes it easy to see how the pattern of values changes from left to right across the graph.
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time trends
changes in a sequence of data during a period of time.
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data points
Numerical values represented by dots, crosses or other symbols plotted on a graph.
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variables
Any value that varies in relation to the dimensions of another factor (which may also be a variable), e.g. a child’s height varies with his or her age.
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measurement
The accurate, reproducible determination of ‘how much’ of something exists (e.g. its length, mass, volume, duration, speed, temperature, etc.).
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Epidemiology
is the statistical study of data on the occurrence, distribution, potential causes, prevention and control of diseases, disorders and disabilities (the three Ds) in human populations.
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Demography
is the statistical study of data on the number of births, deaths, marriages, size of each age group, the sex ratio, occupations, where people live, their education, income levels and so on.
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endemic
Refers to infectious diseases that may fluctuate over time but are always present in a population, e.g. the common cold.
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causal association
An association (or correlation) is said to be causal when there is evidence that a specific event is the cause of a specific outcome.
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immunisation
The intentional exposure of an uninfected person to a vaccine in order to provoke a protective immune response from the recipient’s immune system if subsequently exposed to the live pathogens from which the vaccine is derived.
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vaccine
A preparation of killed or harmless pathogens, or material derived from them, which when injected, or sometimes administered orally or with a nasal spray, provokes a protective response from the recipient’s immune system if subsequently exposed to the liv
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Medical ethics
Principles that govern how doctors and other health professionals interact with patients in order to do no harm, always act in the patient's best interests, respect the patient's autonomy, communicate clearly and truthfully, and maintain confidentiality a
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Eradication
The total elimination of all the infectious agents causing a particular disease from circulating in any population anywhere in the world.
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paragraphs
A piece of text that starts on a new line, consists of at least one sentence and alerts the reader to a new point or change in the discussion.
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verb
A word or phrase that describes an action, condition or experience in a sentence.
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Card 2

Front

refers to any procedure conducted according to a fixed, pre-determined plan

Back

Systematic

Card 3

Front

A statement proposing an explanation for an observation, made on the basis of limited evidence, as a starting point for further investigation or experiment.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The number of deaths occurring in infants under one year of age expressed as a rate per 1000 live births in a defined population.
(IMR)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The number of deaths occurring in children under five years of age expressed as a rate per 1000 live births in a defined population.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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