What is the order that transforms cells to organ systems?
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems...ORGANISM!
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What are tissues?
A group of specialized cells that all share a similar function
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What is an organ and organ system?
A group of tissues that all share a common function. A system is a group of organs with a similar function
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What are the 4 types of tissue?
Connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle tissue and epithelial tissue
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What are the properties of epithelial tissue?
Avascular, is polar (outer and inner surface), covers the body surfaces and cavities, high regenerative capacity
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What is the function of epithelial tissue?
Protection of underlying surfaces, secretion and absorption
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Simple (proper) epithelial tissue has what characteristics and functions?
Single layer of stratified cells. Involved in absorption, secretion of lubricating substances and filtration
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Columnar epithelial tissue has what characteristics and functions?
Pseudo-stratified (cells at varying positions and lengths), produce mucus (from goblet cells) and have cilia. They are involved in absorption (mucus and enzymes) and secretion
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What does cilia do?
propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliar action
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What does the mucocilary escalator do in the respiratory tract?
The ciliar beat in one direction (lung to throat) to allow us to cough out mucus and bacteria. The goblet cells help warm and moisten air and trap bacteria
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What two types of epithelial tissue allow stretching (transitional epithelium)?
Columnar and cubudal
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What is the basic structure of polar epithelial tissue?
The apical side (epithelial cells), the basement membrane (collagen fibres), connective tissue (ABC!)
What is the difference between an endocrine and exocrine gland?
ENDO: no ducts, secrete hormones directly into blood to tissues/muscles. EXO: ducts secrete hormones directly onto surface of body or cavity (e.g. salivary glands)
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What is connective tissue made of?
Living cells (mesenchyme) and non-living matrix (fibres: collagen, elastic and reticular)
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What is the function of connective tissue?
Binding bones/tissues to body parts, insulation, protection. (Blood CT: transport of substances)
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What are the 4 main types of connective tissue?
Bone (oessus): compact or spongy. CT Proper: adipose/areolar, reticular)- lots of tissue fluid, cartilage (hyaline, fibro, elastic) blood!
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What is a characteristic of fiberous connective tissue?
Densely packed with collagen so resistant to pulling forces (found at tendons and ligaments)
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What cells form collagen?
Fibroblast cells
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What cells make up cartilage?
Chondroblast and chondrocyte cells (produce extracellular matrix)
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What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline (lots of compact collagen) found in nose and sternum, elastic (lots of elastic fibres) and fibrocartilage (lots of collagen)
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