Thyroid function

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What are thyroid follicles?
epithelial balls of cells filled with colloid non-cellular pro-tenacious soup inside where thyroid hormones are stored. Between follicles, c-cells secrete calcitonin opposes action of thyroid hormones. when active the thyroid gets bigger.
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How are thyroid hormones made
tyrosine needs iodine for hormones. triiododthryonine (T3) reverse T3 is inactive, in some people a mutation generates this hormone which cannot bind to the receptor
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Describe the synthesis and storage of thyroid hormones?
1. Iodide is actively transported into follicle from blood stream (linked to Na/K pump) activated in cell by thyroid peroxidase by oxidation so it can attach to thyrosine. thryoglobulin in the cell has a lot of t aa. iodinated aa will still attche.
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continue
It is then transported into colloid. when needed thyroglobulin breaks down and T3/4 diffuse out of follicle into circulatory system. bound to serum proteins
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where are the receptors found?
in cell's nucleus, they interact with DNA and produce changes in gene transcription and protein synthesis
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Hypothalamus
TRH from hypothalamus stimulates TSH from anterior p--. thryoid hormones and growht of thyroid.
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Actions of T hormones
increase o2 consumption, increase basal metabolic rate and heat production. regulate mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation. Increase responsiveness to other hormones. particularly catecholamines. . needed for growth and development, increase nerv
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What is hypothyroidism
mental impairments due to insufficient hormones after birth.
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What is hyperthyroidism
graves disease, autoimmune with antibodies that stimulate thyroid. hyperactive everything. anxiety.
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Card 2

Front

How are thyroid hormones made

Back

tyrosine needs iodine for hormones. triiododthryonine (T3) reverse T3 is inactive, in some people a mutation generates this hormone which cannot bind to the receptor

Card 3

Front

Describe the synthesis and storage of thyroid hormones?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

continue

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

where are the receptors found?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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