A specific temperature and pressure where the 3 phases of matter can exist in thermal equilibrium.
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What is thermal equilibrium?
When there is no net flow of thermal energy.
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How do you convert celsius to kelvin?
Add 273.
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What is absolute zero.
The lowest possible temperature.
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What is Brownian motion?
The continuous random motion of small particles suspended in a fluid visable under a microsocope.
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What is the internal energy of a substance?
The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of atoms or molecules within the substance.
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What is the internal energy of absolute zero?
Kinetic energy is zero but there is still some electro-static potential energy.
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What happens when a substance reaches its melting or boiling point?
While it is not changing phase the energy transferred does not increase its temperature but increases the electro-static potential energy.
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What is the electrostatic potential energy of a gas?
Zero because there are negligible electrical forces.
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What is the electrostatic potential energy of a liquid?
A medium negative value as energy must be supplied to break the bonds.
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What is the electrostatic potential energy of a solid?
A large negative value due to strong electrostatic forces.
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What is specific heat capacity?
The energy required per unit mass to change the temperature by 1 K.
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What is the equation for specific heat capacity?
c=E/m x theta.
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How can you determine the specific heat capacity of a substance?
c=IVt/m x theta.
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What is the method of mixtures?
Known masses at different temperatures are mixed together. Recording their final temperature allows the SHC of one substance to be calculated if the SHC of the other is known.
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What is specific latent heat?
The energy required to change the phase per unit mass while at a constant temperature.
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