Theory and methods key studies

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  • Created by: _bella_
  • Created on: 08-05-19 09:45
Quantitative research- Durkheim
Used the comparative method when studying suicide and relied on analysing official data
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Quantitative research- Oakley
Positivist approach= a ,=masculine approach, sees science as more important than furthering the interests of people it researches
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Quantitative research- Graham
Questionnaires and interviews give a distorted + invalid picture of women's experience
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Qualitative research - Glaser + Strauss
Reject positivist idea that research involves beginning with a fixed hypothesis. They argue research should begin with an open mind, not a set idea
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Qualitative research- Oakley
Feminist approach to research- value committed, researchers involvement , aims for equality + collaboration
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Qualitative research- Willis
Use of observation to study 'The Lads' from a Neo-Marxist perspective
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Sociology and Science- Popper
Falsification principle- believed sociology was unscientific because it was unfalsifiable. It could be scientific if hypotheses were produced + tested
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Sociology and science- Kuhn
Sociology doesn't have agreed paradigms making it a pre-science
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Sociology and science- Keat and Urry
Sociology is an open system (not all aspects are controlled) but it doesn't make it wholly unscientific
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Objectivity and Value Freedom- Weber
Values should be used in research to guide it and interpret data, Recognises sociologists are humans and can't be fully objective
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Objectivity and Value Freedom- Becker
Sociologists should take a more covert approach to research and support groups which need to be heard
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Objectivity and Value Freedom- Marx
Scientific as he wants to reveal the truth of exploitation + alienation in capitalism to help deliver a good society
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Objectivity and Value Freedom- Gouldner
Sociologists should take the stance of those who are fighting back and attempt to end oppression
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Functionalist- Durkheim
Mechanical solidarity- society had a strong collective consciousness
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Functionalism- Parsons
Value Consensus, social order- soc. must have socialisation and social control. Society has 4 needs- adaption, goal attainment, integration and latency
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Functionalism- Merton
Critical of Parsons- assumes everything has a function but it may not all work together well, some things might be functional or dysfunctional depending on the group
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Marxism- Marx
Class conflict- owners of means of prod. vs. class labourers. Bourgeoisie exploit proletariat to make profit. Ideology is transmitted through the ISA to make prol, alienated. Marx hopes for the w/c to see their position and overthrow capitalism
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Marxism- Gramsci
Hegeemony- Ideology of dominant class, for revolution to happen the w/c need to develop Dual Consciousness- they need to develop a counter hegemony
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Marxism- Althusser
ISA- institutions in soc spread the ideology of capitalism. RSA- armies of men who coerce the w/c to accept capitalism
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Feminism- Oakley
Lib. Fems distinguish between sex and gender, there are cultural differences in the understanding of gender. Sexist attitudes are socially constructed, thus social action can bring about change in ideas of gender roles
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Feminism-Firestone
Patriarchy develops due to women being able to guve birth, thus they become dependent on men for support
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Feminism- Greer
Rad. Fems believe in separatism- needs to be a new culture of female independence. We should have matrilocal households, as heterosexual households= sleeping w/ the enemy
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Feminism-Barrett
To overthrow capitalism, we must overthrow ideology of familism which encourages gender roles
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Feminism- Butler
We need to embrace post-structuralism to help understand that all women are different and have different experiences of oppression
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Social Action- Weber
Different types of action- instrumentally rational, value rational, traditional, affectual. Believed that due to Calvinist's living an ascetic lifestyle and work ethic, they were the early Capitalists
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Social Action- Mead
Symbols help us to understand social behaviour, in order to know how we act we attempt to see how other people see us
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Social Action- Goffman
Dramaturgical analogy- we act differently depending on who we are w/ and what the situation is, similar to actors on stage and off stage
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Social Action- Giddens
Structuration theory- structure changes based on action
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Social Action-Garfinkle
Created breaching experimentto understand meaning behind social action, Developed idea of reflexivity and indexicality
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Social Action-Blumer
Our actions are not totally fixed, sometimes they are predictable but we have choice in how we perform our roles
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Globalisation, modernity and post-modernity-Beck
Risk society- post modernism brings fragmentation and risk w/ globalisation
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Globalisation, modernity and post-modernity- Lyotard
There is no such thing as real knowledge- reject meta-narratives and encourage all views to accept that every view has truth somewhat
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Globalisation, modernity and post-modernity-Baudrillard
We live in a hyper reality and can't distinguish between media life and real life
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Globalisation, modernity and post-modernity-Foucault
We now reject scientific knowledge as truth- we can't judge what is true or not so we can't use it to improve soc. Meta-narratives are also unhelpful as they don't provide useful explanations
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Sociology and Social policy- Murray
Believes social policy to support families and welfare should be reduced
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Sociology and Social policy- Wilson and Kelling
Should use Zero-Tolerance policies to reduce criminal behaviour in society
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Sociology and Social policy- Worsley
A social problem is some piece of social behaviour that causes public friction and or private misery and calls for collective action to solve it
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Sociology and Social policy- Durkheim
Functionalists take a positivist approach, they take a cautious approach to policy- believe you should fix one issue at a time
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Positivist approach= a ,=masculine approach, sees science as more important than furthering the interests of people it researches

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Quantitative research- Oakley

Card 3

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Questionnaires and interviews give a distorted + invalid picture of women's experience

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Reject positivist idea that research involves beginning with a fixed hypothesis. They argue research should begin with an open mind, not a set idea

Back

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Card 5

Front

Feminist approach to research- value committed, researchers involvement , aims for equality + collaboration

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