A change in the capability of a person to perform a skill that must be inferred from a relatively permanent change in performance as a result of practice or experience
1 of 24
What is performance?
Observable behaviour during execution of a skill or action at a specific time and context
2 of 24
What are the 3 major theories of learning?
Adams closed loop theory, Schmidts schema theory and action systems perspective
3 of 24
When was Adams closed loop theory?
1971
4 of 24
What is the idea of Adams (71)?
That feedback plays an important role in matching desired movement and movement performed
5 of 24
What are the 2 aspects of learning in Adams (71)
Memory trace and perceptual trace
6 of 24
What is a memory trace?
Selects and initiates a movement from memory
7 of 24
What is a perceptual trace?
Represents correct movement, so will guide movement by comparing to correct memory
8 of 24
How are perceptual traces strengthened?
By practice - more feedback makes trace much stronger as there is more to compare movement to, fewer errors are made
9 of 24
What are 3 advantages of Adams (71)?
1. Predictions can be tested 2. Concerned with learning and performance 3. Builds upon sound theoretical issues
10 of 24
What are 3 disadvantages of Adams (71)?
1. Does not account for fast movements 2. Does not account for new movement with no existing perceptual trace 3. Has a storage issue
11 of 24
When did Schmidt develop schema theory?
1975
12 of 24
What is the idea behind schema theory?
Unlike Adams, movements need to be stored in advance in order to take into account fast movements
13 of 24
What are the 2 schemas?
Recall and recognition schema
14 of 24
What is recall schema?
Determines set of responses using a GMP to best achieve desired outcome
15 of 24
What 2 parameters does the recall schema depend on?
Force and time
16 of 24
What is GMP?
Generalised motor program - generalised set of instructions to act as a movement pattern for a type of movement
17 of 24
What is the recognition schema?
It evaluates the correctness of the movement being carried out by comparing it to previous experiences
18 of 24
What are 3 advantages for Schema theory?
1. Accounts for fast and slow movements 2. Accounts for error detection 3. Explains production of novel movements
19 of 24
What are 3 disadvantages of schema theory?
1. Overemphasis on cognitive processing 2. Cannot explain new patterns of coordination 3. Evidence doesn't always support theoretical predictions
20 of 24
What is the idea of the action systems theory of learning?
It involves the interaction of many biological and muscle-skeletal systems, and is not dependant on memory
21 of 24
What is non-linear dynamics?
How sudden changes in environment/context can lead to abrupt changes in movement
22 of 24
How does action-systems use action and perception?
There is inseparable coupling of the two which is vital for generation and improvement of new skill
23 of 24
What structure is the action systems theory?
Cyclical - constant cycle of perception, limits of movement, action, change in perceptual variables, perception
24 of 24
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is performance?
Back
Observable behaviour during execution of a skill or action at a specific time and context
Comments
No comments have yet been made