What landforms result from these processes? (erosion, transport and deposition)
Cliff and wave cut platforms. Headland and bays. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps. Beaches, spits and bars.
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How do these landforms and processes affect the lives of people living along the coast?
Over 17 million people live within 10km of the UK coast. Issues in coastal areas: new tourist attractions, exisiting tourist resorts in decline, flooding, probelms with sewage and new housing in attractive coastal environment.
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What are the advantages of hard engineering stratergies used to manage our coasts?
Hard engineering projects are generally very successful and have a large impact on the river.
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What are the disadvantages of hard engineering stratergies used to manage our coasts?
Can be unsightly. There’s also the high cost, technological requirements & maintenance of hard engineering projects that makes them unfeasible in countries without significant economic resources.
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What are the advantages of soft engineering stratergies used to manage our coasts?
The biggest advantage of soft engineering is cost - significantly cheaper than hard engineering - more suitable for less developed countries. Lower education & technology requirements so they can be implemented by local people in poor countries.
When the sea loses energy, it drops sand, rock particles and pepples it has been carrying. This is called deposition.
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How are cliff and wave cut platforms formed?
1) Weather weakens top of cliff. 2) Sea attacks base of the cliff forming a wave cut notch 3) The notch increases, causing cliff to collapse. 4) The backwash carries the rubble towards the sea forming a wave cut platform. 5) process repeats
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How are headlands formed?
Headlands are formed when the sea attacks a section of coast within alternating bands of hard and soft rock. Bands of soft rock erode more quickly than hard rock, leaving a section of rock jutting out, called a headland.
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How are bays formed?
Bays are where the soft rock has eroded away, next to the headland.
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How are caves formed?
Caves occur when waves force their way into cracks in the cliff face. The water contains sand and other materials that grind away at the rock until the crack becomes a cave. Hydraulic action is the predominant process.
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How are arches formed?
If the cave is formed in a headland, it may eventually break through to the other side forming an arch.
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How are stacks formed?
The arch will eventually become bigger until it can no longer support the top of the arch. When the arch collapses, it leaves the headland on one side and a stack on the other.
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How are stumps formed?
The stack will attacked at the base in the same way that a wave-cut notch is formed. This weakens the structure and it will eventually collapse to form a stump.
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How are beaches formed?
Beaches are made up of eroded material that has been transported from elsewhere and depositied by the sea.
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How are spits formed?
Spits are formed by deposition. Spits are formed where the prevailing wind blows at an angle to the coastline resulting in longshore drift.
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What are spits?
A spit is an extended strech of beach material that projects out to sea and is joined to the mainland at one end.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What landforms result from these processes? (erosion, transport and deposition)
Back
Cliff and wave cut platforms. Headland and bays. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps. Beaches, spits and bars.
Card 3
Front
How do these landforms and processes affect the lives of people living along the coast?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the advantages of hard engineering stratergies used to manage our coasts?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are the disadvantages of hard engineering stratergies used to manage our coasts?
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