The Self

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Unique?
Every person is one-off as they are an individual.
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Freewill?
The ability to make our own decisions that isn't influenced by external and internal factors.
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Deterministic?
This is the opposite of freewill. People cannot make their own decisions as it is influence by internal and external factors.
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Core theory name?
Humanistic theory of The Self
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Who where the researchers in the core theory?
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers,
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What was their aim?
To challenge the behaviorists (learning through imitation and conditioning), and the followers of Freud (psychoanalysts - the control of the unconscious mind)
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What did Rogers find out on self concept?
Our self concept is how we view ourselves. If we are told that we are a good laugh, we think ourselves as funny.
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What is social roles?
This is who you are to other people: student, sister, daughter, friend.
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What did Rogers think on our self concept and self esteem?
The gap between our self concept and our self esteem is called incongrurent. If you have a big gap, you have low self esteem; and if you have a small gap, you have a high self esteem.
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What is unconditional positive regard?
Where you give someone love and care without expecting anything back - no string attached.
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How can you change this?
By treating them differently
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How can you raise their self esteem?
By giving them unconditional positive regard.
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What is self actualisation?
Where you have become your ideal self.
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How can you achieve self actualisation?
By using the hierarchy of needs: Biological and physical needs, Safety needs, Belonging and love needs, self esteem needs and self actualisation.
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To continue to the next level in hierarchy of needs, you need to do what?
Complete the level below
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Who came up with the hierarchy of needs and self actualisation?
Abraham Maslow
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Give a criticism.
Rogers only used own research which was based on unrepresentative samples - Lacks generlisability
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Give another criticism.
Many of the ideas are vague and difficult to measure - too subjective
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Give a final criticism.
Focuses of too much on the individual - no one is the same - lacks usefulness as it is hard to predict future behaviour
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What is the alternative theory called?
The Trait theory
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Who researched it?
Eysneck
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What does this theory support, nature/nurture?
Nature
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Why is it nature?
Because this theory is scientific as it is generlisable on people sharing traits they have in common
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What does Eysenck suggest?
It has a genetic basis and can be explained through biology.
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What is the part of the brain that deals with our personality?
Reticular activating system.
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Where is the Reticular activating system?
Mid-brain.
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What is extraversion?
How outgoing or sociable you are. Very outing if you're extraversion.
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What is introversion?
How quiet or reserved you are. Very quiet if introversion.
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What is stable?
How emotionally stable you are. Very stable in you have a secure emotion.
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What is neruoticism?
You aren't emotionally stable. Very anxious or moody.
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What is the N score?
Neuroticism and emtionally stable
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What is the E score?
Extroversion and Introversion.
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Give the 4 different types of personality there is.
Melancholic, Sanguine, Phlegmatic and Choleric.
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Who did the core theory? Date?
Van Houtte and Jarvis (1995)
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What was the aim?
If pets are good for people - to investigate whether pets play a part in the development in pre-adolescent people.
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What was the hypothesis?
The pet owners having a pet before adolescent would have higher autonomy (freedom) and self esteem than non-pet owners.
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What was the method?
Questionaire
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Who were the participants?
USA, 120 - 71 boys, 59 girls, aged: 8-13.
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Give the procedure.
School gave permission for this and permission from parents. Right-to-withdraw made clear. Divided into: pets and non-pet owners, siblings, parents occupation and parents martial status.
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What was the design?
Matched-based paired design.
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What were the 4 questionnaires about? scales?
autonomy - 1-4, self concept - 1-5, self esteem - 1-4 and attachment to pet - 1-7.
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What was the scale as 1?
strongly agree.
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What happened after the experiment?
They were debriefed.
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What were the results?
Pet owners had high self esteem rather than pet owners. They 11yrs had best self esteem. Pet owners have high autonomy (independence)
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What was the conclusion?
Pets had a big impact on children's lives as they move into adolescent. Pets help with low self esteem- they give unconditional positive regard.
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Give a criticism
Ignores roles of nature, suggests we give unconditional positive regard to develop - reductionist
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Give another criticism
It is ethnocentric, only in USA - generlisable
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Give a final criticism
Age bias, only ages 8-13 - less generlisable
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What is the applications called?
Counselling
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Who came up with this type of counselling?
Carl Rogers
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What is the counselling called?
Client-centered counselling.
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What does the counselor do? 3 things
1. Give unconditional positive regard. 2. Believe the client can self actualise. 3. Has to show empathy.
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What techniques does the counselor use? 4 things
1. open questions - no why. 2. Paraphrasing - repeat what the client has said but in different words. 3. Summarsing - give the main issues. 4. Focusing - tell the client to pick out the main issue
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Give two other types of counselling.
Relationship Counselling and Careers Guidence
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Freewill?

Back

The ability to make our own decisions that isn't influenced by external and internal factors.

Card 3

Front

Deterministic?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Core theory name?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who where the researchers in the core theory?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Comments

RadishRaven

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there are many typos like saying pet owners have higher self esteem than pet owners. something like that. Could you fix all of them and some of the information is incorrect. If these problems were fixed this would be very good but nonetheless i gave 5 stars.

RadishRaven

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You say ethnocentric while we say culture bias. Could you use that term instead as its simpler.

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