The Restless Earth

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Name the 4 sections the Earth is structured into.
1) Crust 2) Mantle 3) Outer Core 4) Inner Core
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Describe 3 facts about the Crust
1) Thin layer at the surface of the earth 2) Split up into sections called tectonic plates 3) 7 larger plates and many smaller ones
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Describe 3 facts about the Mantle
1) Made up of magma 2) Convection Currents occur here as hot air rises 3) Temperatures around 3800 degrees C
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Describe 3 facts about the Outer Core
1) Very hot 2) Consists of liquid magma 3) Temperatures reach 4500 degrees C
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Describe 3 facts about the Inner Core
1) Solid 2) Made up of iron and nickel 3) Temperatures reach 5500 degrees C
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What are the two types of crust
Oceanic and Continental
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Describe 3 facts about oceanic crust
-found beneath oceans, -thin (5-10km), -dense/heavy
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Describe 3 facts about continental crust
-found beneath land, -thick (25-100km), -less dense/heavy
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What happens at a Destructive plate margin?
Oceanic&continental plate collide, denser oceanic sinks into mantle & melts in subduction zone, melts due to heat which creates new magma, pressure forces magma to rise causing volcanic eruptions/composite volcanoes,earthquakes caused due to friction
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Besides volcanoes and earthquakes, what feature occurs at a destructive plate margin?
Fold mountains (The lighter continental crust stays at the surface but sediment becomes crumpled to form f.mts.)
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What happens at a Constructive plate margin?
2 plates move apart, usually happens beneath oceans, as plates move away magma rises to fill the gap, rising magma creates shield volcanoes which can become volcanic islands if high enough
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Besides volcanoes and earthquakes, what feature occurs at a constructive plate margin?
Ridges (So much magma is poured out that ridges are built up from the sea bed)
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Give an example of a feature formed at a Destructive margin?
Andes Fold Mountain Range (Nazca plate-oceanic, South American plate-continental)
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Give an example of a feature formed at a Constructive margin?
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (North American and Eurasian plates moving away from eachother)
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What happens at a Conservative plate margin?
Plates slide past eachother, plates do not slide smoothly, friction causes their jagged edges to get stuck meaning pressure builds up, 1 plate suddenly jerks past the other, pressure is released sending shock waves to the surface causing a quake
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Why do no land-forms appear at a conservative margin?
Because no new crust is created or destroyed
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Give an example of a conservative plate margin?
San Andreas Fault (North American & Pacific Plate)
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How are ocean trenches formed?
The subduction zone is the ocean trench. 1 wall is formed by the subducted oceanic plate, the other is formed by the overriding continental plate
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Typically, how deep are ocean trenches?
Very deep, around 5,000-10,000 metres deep
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Give an example of an ocean trench
Mariana Trench
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Describe the process in which fold mountains are formed
Rivers carry sediment and deposit them into huge depressions called geosynclines, sediment becomoes compressed to form sedimentary rocks eg limestone, rocks are forced upwards into a series of folds by tectonic plate movement
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe 3 facts about the Crust

Back

1) Thin layer at the surface of the earth 2) Split up into sections called tectonic plates 3) 7 larger plates and many smaller ones

Card 3

Front

Describe 3 facts about the Mantle

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe 3 facts about the Outer Core

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe 3 facts about the Inner Core

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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