The enzymes for protein digestion are classified in 2 broad groups. What are they?
Endopeptidases and Exopeptidases
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How do Endopeptidases/proteases work?
They attack peptide bonds in interior of amino acid chains and break long peptide chains into small fragments.
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Are proteases secreted in their active form or inactive form? Why?
Inactive form. So the enzymes don't digest proteins present from where they're secreted.
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What is an enzyme's inactive form called?
Zymogen
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What does Trypsin do? Where is it released from?
Breaks down peptides in the small intestine. Pancreas
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What does Gastrin do? (hormone) (3)
Increases blood flow to stomach, stimulates acid secretion, stimulates growth of gastric mucosa.
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Where is Gastrin secreted from?
G cells- Antrum of Stomach.
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Gastrin release is induced by? (2 answers)
Peptides, Distension of stomach
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What does α-amylase do?
digests starch into small segments of multiple sugars
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What does Serotonin (neurotransmitter) do in the GI tract?
Controls intestinal movments--contraction and relaxation
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What does Secretin (hormone) do? (stimulates secretion of what?)
stimulates acinar cells in pancreas to secrete water and bicarbonate into the pancreatic ducts that drain in duodenum. This ensures that HCl secreted by the stomach which can be damaging to intestinal lining is promptly diluted and neutralised.
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What is secretin secreted by?
S cells in Duodenum
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What is the name of a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of enzymes by pancreas?
Cholecystokinin
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Where is Cholecystokinin secreted from?
I cells in mucosa duodenum and jejunum.
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What causes Cholecystokinin to be secreted? (3)
Protein, fat, fatty acids
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What other 2 functions does Cholecystokinin cause?
Gall bladder contractions, inhibits stomach contractions.
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Pepsin is secreted in response to what?
acid in stomach (hence indirectly controlled by gastrin)
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There are 3 phases of active/pancreatic secretion. What are they?
Cephalic, Gastric, Intestinal
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How do Endopeptidases/proteases work?
Back
They attack peptide bonds in interior of amino acid chains and break long peptide chains into small fragments.
Card 3
Front
Are proteases secreted in their active form or inactive form? Why?
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