The Brain

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  • Created by: jessica
  • Created on: 18-12-12 15:12
What are the 3 sections of the brain?
Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain
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What is the forebrain associated with?
Chemical senses-taste and smell
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What is the Midbrain assoicated with?
Vision
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What is the hindbrain associated with?
Vibration (hearing)
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How is the spinal cord separated?
With a dorsal side and a ventral side
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What do the dorsal roots into the spinal cord do?
They accept incoming sensory information.
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What do the ventral roots into the spinal cord do?
They send out the motor commands to the body.
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What is the hindbrain made up of?
The medulla oblongata, the fourth ventricle and cerebellum.
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What does the medulla oblongata do?
It controlls the autonomic homeostatic system, so it controlls changes in the body, adjusting the conditions to keep it constant. Any damage to the medulla oblongata is fatal.
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What does the cerebellum do?
It integrates information about body's position with motor commands.
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What does the Pons do?
It is a bridge from the left to right sides passing information to the cerebellum.
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Where is the central aquaduct and what are the structures in it?
In the Midbrain, the roof is called the tectum and separates into the superior colliculi and inferior colliculi.
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Where are the dopamine nuclei situated?
In the midbrain, where the substantia nigra is also present in the midbrain and is involved in the motor control system
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What does the mesolimbic path signal?
It signals for the reward and pleasure pathway and it terminates in the nucleus accumbens.
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Where does addiction occur?
In the nucleus accumbens
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What are the structures in the forebrain?
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus, Pineal Organ
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Where is the thalamus within the forebrain?
It is the side walls of the tubular diencephalon
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Where is the hypothalamus within the forebrain?
It is on the floor.
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Where is the epithalamus within the forebrain?
It is formed from the roof and starts to form the pineal.
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What must go through the thalamus first before reaching the cortex?
All senses
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What is the hypothalamus involved in?
Homeostasis, but it alters the changes behaviourly instead of physiologically like the medulla oblongata. Also controls the posterior and anterior pituitary hormones.
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What is the Limbic system?
Is the diencephalen and the surrounding deep cortical regions.
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What is the diencephalen formed from?
The thalamus, hypothalamus and the hippocampus
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What does the Amygdala do?
It directly receives sensory information and learns stimuli associated with pain, initiates escape and stress response and involved in recognising fear in others.
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What does the hippocampus do?
It is involved in short term memory and laying down long term memories which are kept in the cerebral cortex.
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How is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) divided?
Into the somatic and visceral PNS.
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What is the somatic PNS made of?
All spinal nerves innervating the skin, joints and muscles under voluntary control
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What is the Visceral PNS made of?
Neurons involved with internal organs, blood vessels and glands.
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How many cranial nerves are there?
12, all with a name and number associated with it.
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Give the names of all of the cranial nerves, in order.
Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigemenial, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal
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What are the meninges?
A set of 3 layers of membranes that protect the CNS
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What are the 3 layers of membranes forming the meninges called?
Dura mater, Arachnoid membrane and the Pia mater
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What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by?
The choroid plexus
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Where does the CSF go?
It flows through the paired ventricles of the cerebrum to various cavities at the core of the brain stem, leaving the vestibular system and enters the subarachnoid space.
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What happens if the CSF flow is damaged?
Brain damage is caused
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What are the lateral ventricles?
These are fluid filled spaces within the cerebral hemispheres.
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Where is the third ventricle located?
In the centre of the diencephalon.
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What are the three white matter systems?
Cortical white matter, corpus callosum and internal capsule
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What does the cortical white matter do?
It contains all the axons running to and from the cerebral cortex neurons.
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What does the corpus callosum do?
It is continous with the cortical white matter forming the axon bridge and links the cortical neurons of the 2 cerebral hemispheres.
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What does the Internal capsule do?
It links the cortex with the brain stem, particularly the thalamus
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What is the scientific term for the grooves and ridges in the cerebrum?
Sulci and Gyri
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What are the names of the lobes that form the cerebrum?
Frontal, Temporal, Occipital and Parietal
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What separates the Frontal and Parietal lobes?
The central sulcus
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Card 4

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Card 5

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