The Triumph of Elizabeth - Consolidation of Elizabeth's rule.

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Reigning Years
17 November 1558 - 1603. Mary dead, Elizabeth rightful successor (Henry's will). Sir William Cecil delivered news.
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Religious background
Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn, imprisoned in Tower for not conforming to Catholicism. Mary Queen of Scots (cousin) rightful Queen in Catholic eyes, Elizabeth illegitimate. 224 burnings of Protestants in final years unpopular, leaders fled.
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Declaration of Succession
Nicholas Heath, Mary's Lord Chancellor and Archbishop of York, proclaimed Elizabeth's succession to Parliament. No legal standing, but showed support of political elite.
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First Appointments - 20th November 1558
Cecil as Principal Secretary, Robert Dudley as Master of the Horse, Thomas Parry as Comptroller of the Household. Refrained from more, keeping Mary's councillors guessing at intentions. Received deputation of 9 councillors assuring of loyalty.
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Coronation
Importance of public relations; appeared before crowds on day before. Only Marian bishop willing to conduct ceremony - Owen Oglethorpe of Carlisle.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Act of Supremacy 1559
Papal authority replaced with royal Supremacy - Elizabeth 'Supreme Governor not Supreme Head - as woman, couldn't be priest, power less than Henry's
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Elizabethan Settlement: Act of Uniformity 1559 (1)
New English Prayer Book (based on Edwardian PB, 1552), changes made showed Elizabeth was aiming for moderate statement of doctrine, appeal to Catholics. Black Rubric 1552 removed - kneeling for communion respect, not adoration.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Act of Uniformity 1559 (2)
Undermined transubstantiation, Omitting it meant conservative worshippers could believe body of Christ present.Ornaments Rubric enforce wearing of Catholic vestments by clergy.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Act of Uniformity 1559 (3)
New PB included parts of conservative 1549 PB at time communion offered - "the body of Our Lord JC, which was given for thee.." reappeared alongside "take and eat this in remembrance that Christ died for thee..."
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Elizabethan Settlement: Royal Injunctions 1559 (1)
Protestant emphasis: Preaching controlled by licenses issued by local Bishop; 4 sermons on RS a year, most from official Book of Homilies (Thomas Cranmer). Parish clergy to instruct young in 10 Commandments, Lords Prayer, Catechism.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Royal Injunctions 1559 (2)
All to have English Bible, Erasmus' Paraphrases. Shrines, images, anything fostering idolatry/superstition removed.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Royal Injunctions 1559 (3)
Articles to curb ideas of radical Protestants (puritans), inhibit further change: Clergy to wear vestments worn under Edward, books/pamphlets licensed by Commissioners, bishops, Royal Councillors. No more alters destroyed, called communion tables.
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Elizabethan Settlement: 39 Articles of Religion 1563
Passed by Convocation, not parliament, explained key areas of doctrine in Protestant way. Based on 42 Articles by Archbishop Cranmer. Stressed: importance of Bible (for salvation), predestination asserted, justification by faith (not good works)
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Elizabethan Settlement: Consolidation of Settlement (1)
Further written works, bishops drew up '11 Articles of Religion' in 1561 as precursor to 39 Articles, 1562: Archbishop Parker's Book of Homilies, justified CofE, Jewel's 'Apology' stinging attack on RCC, likened Protestant Church to that of Apostles.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Consolidation of Settlement (2)
Didn't show structure/practice of Anglican Church to be superior to RCC. 1566: 'Book of Advertisements' issues to clergy by Parker, explained clearly matters of doctrine, practice, designed to make radical Protestant clergy conform to Settlement.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Enforcement (1)
Marian bishops, except one, resigned rather than conform - allowed Elizabeth to bring in new Protestant Bishops led by Matthew Parker (appointed to Canterbury), Jewel to Salisbury, Grindal to London and Cox to Ely. Parker filled parish vacancies.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Enforcement (2)
Priests from Mary's reign conformed (only 200 officially deprived), majority of parish clergy conservative in view. Elizabeth's regime didn't enforce too rigidly; she wouldn't 'make windows into men's souls'.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Success of the Settlement (1)
Allowed freedom of religious belief/practice; moderate Catholics and Protestants accepted it. Not enforced rigidly, little persecution in early years, penalty for refusing oath to AoS twice was death - Elizabeth told Parker not to offer twice.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Success of the Settlement (2)
Protestant well established under Henry/Edward, especially amongst landowners is South/South-East. Reformation up to this time (both Catholic/Protestant - Mary/Henry) showed acceptance of religious change. Little overt opposition, no religious wars.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Success of the Settlement (3)
Though few enthusiastic supporters of new Church at outset, majority acquiesced in establishment. Settlement established by authority of moncarch; loyalty to Crown unquestioned. Involvement of Parliament increased legitimacy (representation/law).
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Elizabethan Settlement: Success of the Settlement (4)
Rebellions (PoG 1536, Western Rebellion 1549, Wyatt's Rebellion 1554) crushed. Elizabeth anxious for no further change. English identity of CoE established during the long reign, not part of wider European Protestant Church (hoped for under Edward).
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Elizabethan Settlement: Success of the Settlement (5)
Clear that Protestantism remained divided, little uniformity. Parker a quiet scholar and moderate Protestant; didn't go abroad during Mary's reign, primate for long time (1559 - 75), did more to curb puritans than persecute Catholics.
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Elizabethan Settlement: Success of the Settlement (6)
Parker was erastian Archbishop (loyal to Queen), conformed to royal will. Threat from Catholic power muted until 1570 (had decade to establish self), peace with France 1559 meant no immediate threat - had wars of religion, minimized future threat).
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Elizabethan Settlement: Success of the Settlement (7)
Philip II of Spain on good terms with Elizabeth, wanted to maintain English alliance against France. Papacy worried about power of Spain, slow to condemn Protestant Elizabeth - not excommunicated until 1570, met with disapproval of Philip.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn, imprisoned in Tower for not conforming to Catholicism. Mary Queen of Scots (cousin) rightful Queen in Catholic eyes, Elizabeth illegitimate. 224 burnings of Protestants in final years unpopular, leaders fled.

Back

Religious background

Card 3

Front

Nicholas Heath, Mary's Lord Chancellor and Archbishop of York, proclaimed Elizabeth's succession to Parliament. No legal standing, but showed support of political elite.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Cecil as Principal Secretary, Robert Dudley as Master of the Horse, Thomas Parry as Comptroller of the Household. Refrained from more, keeping Mary's councillors guessing at intentions. Received deputation of 9 councillors assuring of loyalty.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Importance of public relations; appeared before crowds on day before. Only Marian bishop willing to conduct ceremony - Owen Oglethorpe of Carlisle.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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