THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES (JAN 1919)

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  • Created on: 01-06-16 12:27
What was the ceasefire of November 1918 called?
Armistice
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When did the Versailles Conference begin?
January 1919
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How many countries attended the conference?
32
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What is a delegate?
A person representing a country at a conference
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Who were the 'Big Three' at the conference?
Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George and Woodrow Wilson
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Who was the Prime Minister of France?
Georges Clemenceau
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What were 4 things that Clemenceau wanted from the peace treaty?
REVENGE, PUNISHMENT, MAKE GERMANY PAY HEAVY REPARATIONS, WEAKEN GERMANY SO THAT THEY WOULD NO LONGER BE A THREAT TO FRANCE
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Who was the President of America?
Woodrow Wilson
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What were 7 things that Wilson wanted from the Peace Treaty?
Make the world SAFE, END WAR, FAIR PEACE, 14 POINTS, DISARMAMENT, LEAGUE OF NATIONS, SELF-DETERMINATION
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What were his ideas for a better world called?
14 Points
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What were the 3 main ideas of the 14 points?
Disarmament. League of Nations. Self-determination
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What was the name of the assembly where Wilson wanted countries to discuss their problems instead of going to war?
The League of Nations
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Who was the Prime Minister of Britain?
David Lloyd George
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What were 4 things that Lloyd George wanted from the peace treaty?
To make Germany pay (in moderation), Justice, a half way point between Wilson and Clemenceau, to still be able to trade with Germany
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What were the 4 terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Blame. Reparations. Armed Forces Reduction. German Loss of Territory
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What Clause blamed Germany for the war?
Clause 231
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What were reparations?
Money Germany had to pay for all the damage caused during the war (mainly to France, Belgium and Britain)
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How much were reparations eventually set at?
£6,600 million
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When were reparations set?
1921 (when France and Britain invaded Germany)
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What were 5 restrictions on Germany's armed forces?
Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force. Navy restricted to only 6 battleships. Army restricted to just 100,000 men (conscription banned). Forbidden to place troops in Rhineland.
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What was the Rhineland?
The ***** of land, 50 miles wide, which bordered France.
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What is the word which means that troops were not allowed in the Rhineland?
Demilitarisation.
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What happened to Germany's colonies?
Given as League of Nations 'mandates' to Britain and France.
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What were 5 areas of land in Europe that Germany lost?
Alsace-Lorraine (tor France). Schleswig (given to Denmark after plebiscite). Polish corridor (Upper Silesia and West Prussia). Saar (to France for 15 years) Danzig (free City)
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What did the treaty say about Austria?
Anschluss with Germany was forbidden.
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Why were the Germans angry about their tiny army?
They could not defend themselves.
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What did the sailors do to the fleet instead of hand it over?
Scuttled (sunk) it.
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How much of its land did Germany lose?
12%
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What 2 things did Lloyd George like about the Treaty?
That Britain received some German colonies (expanding the British empire). The small German navy (helped Britain to continue to 'rule the waves').
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What did Lloyd George hate about the Treaty?
He thought that it was too harsh and would start another war in 25 years time.
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Why did the Germans refuse to agree to Clause 231?
They did not believe it was true - they said Russia had started the war.
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What made the Germans pay reparations in January 1921?
Britain, France and Belgium invaded.
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What were the 4 other Treaties of 1919-20?
The treaty of Saint Germain (with Austria). The Treaty of Neuilly (with Bulgaria). The Treaty of Trianon (with Hungary). The Treaty of Sèvres (with Turkey).
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What were 4 reasons why the Treaty of Versailles was more important than these treaties?
It was with Germany and decided by the Big Three. It set up the League of Nations and set down the principles of how the defeated countries would be treated.
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Why did the Germans think the Treaty was unfair?
They had not been asked to Versailles, and few of the 14 points agreed to in the armistice got in.
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What did the Germans feel when they heard about the Treaty?
'Pain and anger? - a German newspaper called it 'the disgraceful Treaty'.
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Who did the Treaty help rise to power?
Hitler
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What did a German newspaper promise?
We will never stop until we win back what we deserve.
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What did Clemenceau like about the peace?
Reparations (would repair the damage to France). The tiny German army, the demilitarised zone in the Rhineland (would protect France). France got Alsace-Lorraine and German colonies.
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Why did he dislike it?
He wanted the Treaty to be harsher. He wanted Germany to split up into smaller countries.
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What 2 things happened when Wilson went home to the USA?
The Senate refused to join the League of Nations. The Senate refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles.
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What two things did Wilson get that he wanted?
League of Nations. Self-determination.
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Why did he hate the treaty?
Some of his 14 points did not get into the Treaty
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What does 'self-determination' mean?
The right to rule yourselves.
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What were 5 new nation-states created by the treaties of 1919-20?
Czechoslovakia (Czechs and Slovaks). Hungary. Austria. Poland. Yugoslavia (Slavs).
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Which empire did it split up to make these new-nation states?
Austro-Hungaria
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Which people rules in Czechoslovakia?
Czechs and Slovaks
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Which people rule in Yugoslovia?
Serbs
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4 problems with self-determination?
Caused small Wars in Poland, Teschen and Fiume. It was not allowed for Germany. It created many small, weak countries, which Hitler easily conquered later. The new nation-states had racial Minorities living there.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

When did the Versailles Conference begin?

Back

January 1919

Card 3

Front

How many countries attended the conference?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a delegate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who were the 'Big Three' at the conference?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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