The Terror - French Rev

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  • Created by: Scanli12
  • Created on: 05-09-18 09:25
When was the Rising of the Vendee?
March 1793 – March 1796
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Going back to the war, name three people who supported Louis' execution.
Robespierre, Danton, Marat
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Who were these people supported by?
Montagnards
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What were they?
Radical thinkers of the National Convention
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Who didn't want to kill the king? Give a name and a party.
Brissot - Girodins
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What potentially improved the situation slightly?
French success in the war.
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What did they discover unfortunately for Louis?
Evidence of communication with the enemy
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When was Louis killed?
21st January 1793
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In the excitement, who did the French first declare war on?
Britain
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Why?
They believed it was ripe for revolution
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Who else did they declare war on?
Spain
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Why was this negative and what did they suffer?
They took on too much - numerous defeats.
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The expansion of war caused what? (2)
Economic issues and food shortages
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Why was this?
High prices
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What was the main thing that people protested against?
Levees, or conscription(forced)
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Give three causes for the rising in the Vendee.
In strong Catholic areas with many refractory priests, there were strong religious resentments, as the sale of church land in the area = bourgeoisie buyers = raised taxes. Inflation meant rising food prices. Remaining local noblemen disliked republic
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Who took the lead against the national convention?
Local noblemen and military experienced people
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What was the first event?
Angers - Protest against the levee.
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How many men?
300,000
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When?
March 1793
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What army was formed?
'Catholic and Royal Army of the Vendee’
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What was siezed by them?
Cholet (big city)
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When?
14th March
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What type of warfare spread throughout the countryside?
Guerrilla
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Who was massacred? (3)
local officials, priests and National Guards
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In mid-march, what happened (no names)
local hawker organised peasants and siezed weapons
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What was his name?
Jacques Cathelineau
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Where?
Jallais
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What did his men spend the next three months doing?
clearing the region of Republican soldiers and officials.
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What was the peak of army numbers?
800,000
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Who did this consist of?
Farmers, labourers - men, boys as young as 12, women dressed as men.
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What was their motto?
Dieu et Roi (God is King)
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As a consequence, who was forced to take action?
The Convention
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How many men did they send?
300,000
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Where from?
The front lines in the war(s)
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What month?
May
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What happened?
Nothing but more spreading.
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By June, where had the rebels taken?
number of the bridges over the Loire, taken Angers and Saumur
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Where were they advancing?
Le Mans
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Where was the end game?
Paris.
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What did June also see?
Federalist revolts
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What did the Convention do in response?
Decree the destruction of the Vendee
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Date?
1st August 1793
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How many arrived to pull this through?
100,000
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Where and When?
Nantes, 6th September
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Did they succeed?
Not at first.
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What changed?
rebels suffered several defeats
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Including one where?
Cholet
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What month?
October
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By december, the core of which army had been destroyed?
Vendean
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What was left?
The republican's vengeance?
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What did the National Convention sanction?
The Reign of Terror
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What else did they authorise?
the formation of army divisions
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How many?
12
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What was the formation called?
The Colonnes Infernales (‘Infernal Columns’).
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Who was the commander of this formation?
General Louis Marie Turreau
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When did they "sweep through the Vendee"?
First half of 1794
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How many people were killed intentionally?
6,000
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How many children?
400
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How were they killed? (2)
Guillotine or drowning.
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Was was burned across the Vendee? (3)
Farms, crops and forests
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Who did this affect?
Innocent and rebels
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How long would action last?
as late as 1786
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What were put into place to keep the Convention going in the meantime?
Emergency measures?
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What was put into place to try those accuses of counter-revolution?
Revolutionary tribunal
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What were deputies sent to provinces to speed up conscription called?
Representatives on mission
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Who were the CPS?
The Committee of Public Safety - authority over minsters to co-ordinate war effort (soon became very powerful)
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Who were the CGS?
The Committee of General Security - 12 man committee responsible for removing counter-revolutionaries
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What was the name of the groups of sans culottes working for authorities seizing grain etc.?
The Armées revolutionaries
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What other two things were put into place?
Rationing cards and the death penalty
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When was the Fall of the Girodins?
31 May – 2 June 1793
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Who were they unpopular with?
Sans-cullotes
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Why? (2)
Feared radicalisation and blamed them for the war.
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Who surrounded the Convention?
Extremists and National Guard
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What did they demand?
Removal of Girodins?
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Why did they say yes, and when?
Fear, and 2nd June
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With the control of France in the war, who now dominated this control?
Jacobin Montagnards
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Who did they dominate (group)
The CPS
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Who dominated them?
Robespierre
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What lead, however, to "anarchic terror"?
Different committees acting as they saw fit
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What happened?
Food riots
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Who was killed?
Marat
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When was all of this?
13th July
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What were the Province's reaction to the Jacobin's actions?
Negative.
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What did they do?
Protest
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When?
Summer of 1793
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Who had to be sent?
Troops
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What did the Convention try to do to stop the revolt?
Food supplies
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What meant that they were easy to put down?
Lack of communication and cooperation
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Who invaded France?
Austria and Spain
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Who was blamed for the failures in the army, and what happened to them?
Generals - many executed
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What was there in the army?
Mass National Effort
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Who won?
France
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Why?
Lack of ally communication and strong nationalism
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When did the Terror begin?
September 1793
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What with?
The Law of suspects
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What did this mean?
anyone against the revolution was arrested.
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What did pressure from the sans-cullotes force?
show trials
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What was crushed?
Protests
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What occured?
massacres
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In the provinces, who replaced who in local government?
The moderates were replaced by militants
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What did Dechristianisation involve?
Attacking of the Catholic Church
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What happened in Spring 1794?
Campaign to close all churches
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What did the commune stop paying?
Clerical salaries
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What did the convention do?
Encourage by deporting priests
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Who did this anger?
Conservative peasants
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When was a good time to relax the control of the terror?
End of 1793
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Why? (3)
Federal revolt under control, war effort improving, economy improving
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However, what was needed to stop conflicting bodies in government?
Centralisation
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Who supported the CPS for responsibility?
CGS
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Responsibility for what? (2)
For foreign policy and local government
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What was abolished? (2)
Revolutionary armies and provincial revolutionary tribunals .
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Who was this a blow to?
sans culottes
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Who did these people resent?
Robespierre and the CPS
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What action did Robespierre take?
He had many arrested and killed
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Including?
Danton, and anyone who opposed him
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What did this become known as ?
The Great Terror
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What was Robespierre accused of?
Betraying revolution
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Why?
Turned CPS into dictatorship
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Who was he popular with, though?
Paris
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What was the breaking point?
Accused CPS and CGS members of being anti-revolution
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When was he executed?
28th July
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What was this known as?
The Coup of Thermidor
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Why??
Thermidorians were responsible .
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WHo were the Thermidorians?
men from the 2 committees, ex supporters of terror and moderate deputies
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What did this mark the end of?
Revolutionary extremism.
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What didnt end?
The Terror
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What was abolished?
The Jacobin club, the revolutionary tribunal, the paris commune
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What percentage of CPS members had to be changed each month?
25
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How was the economy
Bad
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What economic crisis happened in 1794?
Bad harvest
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Why did the sans-culottes gain support?
The war
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What happened to make them grow in significance?
National Guard opened to passive citizens.
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When was the rising of the Germinal?
1st April 1795
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Against?
The policies of the Thermidorian Convention
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How many?
100,000
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demanding what?
bread
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Why did they withdraw?
National Guard appeared
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When was the rising of Prairial?
20th May 1795
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Against?
The policies of the Thermidorian Convention.
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What was it?
An armed rising
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Who was involved?
Housewives and the National Guards
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How was the crowd?
Very hostile
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Who was prepared to shoot?
Nobody
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What did the convention agree?
To set up a food provision
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What did the National Guard do?
Clear the protestors
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What did the Convention then do?
Attacked
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Doing what?
Taking weapons from rebels
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What did this mark? (2)
The end of the sans culottes as a political force and the end of the radical revolution
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Give 4 reasons why the uprising failed.
Workers of Paris were divided; Nobody was coordinating; Political inexperience; Army used against people
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When was the White Terror?
1794 - 1795
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Who did vengeance turn on?
Those who did well out of the revolution
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Who did this include?
Land owners, constitutional clergy, government officials, Parisian sans culottes.
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What were they not interested in, however?
The Ancien Regime
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Going back to the war, name three people who supported Louis' execution.

Back

Robespierre, Danton, Marat

Card 3

Front

Who were these people supported by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What were they?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who didn't want to kill the king? Give a name and a party.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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