The right side of the heart pumps what type of blood?
Deoxygenated blood to the heart
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The left side of the heart pumps what type of blood?
Oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
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What happens to the blood when the heart squeezes it on both sides?
It puts it under pressure.
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What does the pressure force the blood to do?
Move along the arteries and through the circulatory system.
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What does the main part of the heart consist of?
Cardiac muscle, which is firm and dark red.
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What are lying over the surface of the atria?
Coronary arteries.
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What do the coronary arteries do?
They supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
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What can happen if the coronary arteries become constricted?
Reduces blood flow to the heart muscle, reduces flow of nutrients such as fatty acids and glucose. This can cause a heart attack or angina.
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What is another name for a heart attack?
A myocardial infarction.
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How many times will a human heart beat in a lifetime?
Over three billion.
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How does the heart create pressure in the blood?
The wall of each chamber contracts.
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Why is the muscle of the atria walls very thin?
Because these chambers do not need to create much pressure as it is not part of their function.
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Why are the walls of the right ventricle thicker than the walls of the atria?
Because it has to pump blood out of the heart.
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Why are the walls of the right ventricle thinner than the walls of the left ventricle?
Because the lungs are in the chest cavity beside the heart and so the blood does not have to be pushed very far.
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Why are delicate alveoli a problem in the heart?
It means that high blood pressure could damage them because they are so fragile.
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How many times thicker are the walls of the left ventricle than the walls of the right ventricle?
Two or three times thicker.
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Why are the walls of the left ventricle so thick?
Because the blood from the left ventricle is pumped out through the aorta and needs sufficient pressure to overcome the resistance of the systemic system.
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Why is cardiac muscle made of fibres that create cross-bridges?
They help spread the stimulus of the heart. Ensures muscle produces a squeezing action rather than a simple reduction in legnth,
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What are myofibrils?
Muscle fibrils in the heart.
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What are there lots of between the myofibrils?
Mitochondria.
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Why are there lots of mitochondria between the muscle fibrils?
To supply energy for contraction.
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What are the muscle cells separated by?
Intercalated cells, which facilitate synchronized contraction.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The left side of the heart pumps what type of blood?
Back
Oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
Card 3
Front
What happens to the blood when the heart squeezes it on both sides?
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