These carry messages from the peripheral NS to the cental NS. They have long dendrites and short axons.
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Relay neurons
These connect the sensory neurons to the motor or other relay neurons. They have short dendrites and short axons.
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Motor neurons
These connect the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands. They have short dendrites and long axons.
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The synapse
Neurons do not physically touch each other but are separated by a gap called the synapse.
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Neurotransmitter
When the electrical signal reaches the end of a neuron synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters which relay the signal across the synapse.
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Excitation
make a nerve impulse more likely to be triggered: for example, dopamine or serotonin which produce states of excitement/activity in the nervous system and in our mental state/behaviour.
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Inhibition
make a nerve impulse less likely to be triggered: for example, GABA calms activity in the nervous system and produces states of relaxation (as with anti-anxiety medication such as Valium).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Relay neurons
Back
These connect the sensory neurons to the motor or other relay neurons. They have short dendrites and short axons.
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