What two reasons did Lenin have for not partaking in a coalition with the revolutionary parties in 1918?
A successful counter-revolution would have been easier to mount since socialist parties would have a popular mandate to govern and the Bolsheviks wouldn't be able to dominate government with a minority.
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What were the three sides of the Civil War?
The reds (Bolsheviks), the whites (Bolshevik political enemies) and the greens (national minorities).
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What did the Bolsheviks present the war as?
A class struggle.
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What was the war in reality?
A national struggle.
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What provided the backdrop for the Civil War?
Famine.
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Why was Russia even hungrier due to Brest-Litovsk?
Ukraine was ceded to Germany which was Russia's richest grain growing area.
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What was Petrograd's wheat allocation per person per day in March 1918?
50 grams.
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How much had the Petrograd workforce dropped by, by June 1918?
Shrunk by 60%.
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What was the Petrograd population decline by March 1918?
3 million down to 2 million.
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Why did Petrograd become the new capital of Russia?
For security reasons as an anti-Bolshevik coup was organised by the SRs in Petrograd.
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What was the Czech Legion?
A group of Czechoslovak troops who fought in Russia in WW1 as a means of gaining independence from Austria-Hungary
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What did the Czech Legion aim to do?
To rejoin the western allies on the western front in the hope of winning international support for the formation of an independent Czechoslovak state.
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What did the Bolsheviks think of the Czech Legion?
They resented the presence of a well-equiped foreign army making its way arrogantly across Russia.
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Who began to challenge the Czech Legion?
Local soviets across Russia and fighting began across its progress across the Trans-Siberain Railway.
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What did the SRs establish at Samara?
An anti-Bolshevik Volga republic.
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Who led the White volunteer army?
General Anton Denikin.
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Who did Denikin support in 1917?
Kornilov.
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Who joined Denikin's army in the Caucasus region of southern Russia?
Tsarist loyalists and outlawed Kadets.
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What formed in Siberia under Admiral Kolchak.
A White Army, Kolchak was the self proclaimed 'Supreme Ruler of Russia'.
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What did Yudenich form in Estonia?
A White Army of resistance.
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What was a difference in the warfare of the Civil War compared to WW1?
It was more about movement.
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What were the White weaknesses?
Fought as seperate detachments, unineted in their aim, unwilling to sacrifice their individual interests, united geographically, too reliant on foriegn supplies and lacked a good leader such as Trotsky.
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What were the Red strengths?
Controlled western Russia, controlled Moscow, Petrograd and railways, controlled industrial areas of Russia, not relaint on foreign supplies and well organised by Trotsky.
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What were Trotsky's three main aims agains the Whites in the Civil War?
Defend the Red Army's internal lines of communication, deny the Whites the opportunity to concentrate large forces in one location and to prevent the Whites from maintaining regular supplies.
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What was the Red (Bolshevik) reason for going to war?
Needed a military victory to consolidate their hold on Russia. Lenin welcomed it looking for a showdown.
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What was the Whites reason for going to war?
War was the only way to challenge Bolshevik absolutism.
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What was the Greens reason for going to war?
Fighting for national independence.
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What were the four reasons for a Red victory?
It fought a defensive war against a disunited enemy, controlled the railway network, higher morale and showed a greater sense of purpose.
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What did the impact of the war encourage on Bolshevism?
Toughness, authoritarianism and centralisation.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What were the three sides of the Civil War?
Back
The reds (Bolsheviks), the whites (Bolshevik political enemies) and the greens (national minorities).
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