autocracy means having no limits on a ruler's power; such a ruler was called an autocrat
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Orthodox Church
following a split in the Christian Church in the eleventh century, the Eastern Orthodox Church had developed its own beliefs and rituals; in 1453, when Constantinople fell to the Turks, Moscow became its spiritual capital
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Over-Procurator
appointed by the Tsar from the laity, this was the highest Church official
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Hold Synod
a group of bishops, which forms the ruling body of the Orthodox Church; it is the highest authority of rules, regulations, faith and matters of Church organisation
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Edict
(Russian: ukaz) an official order issued by a person of authority.
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Provincial
living away from the capital
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Civil servant
someone working for the government
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Bureaucracy
a system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives
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Conscription
compulsory enlistment of a person into military service
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Serf
a person who was the property of the lord for whom he or she worked
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Military colony
where the conscripts lived (with their families) and trained, all under strict military discipline
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Police state
a state in which the activities of the people are closely monitored and controlled for political reasons
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Entrepreneur
someone who invests money
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Cottage industry
work done in the worker's own home or a small workshop, typically spinning, weaving and small-scale wood and mental work; occasionally whole villages specialised in a particular trade, such as marking samovars for boiling water for tea
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Internal market demand
the desire and ability to buy the products of manufacturing within the country; if a country's inhabitants are poor, there will be little internal demand
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Landowning elite
those who owned land and who were a privileged minority in Russian society
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Capital accumulation
building up money reserves in order to invest
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Mortgage
this involves borrowing money by providing a guarantee; in this case a landowner's serfs provided the guarantee for a state loan, and if the borrowed money and additional interest was not repaid, the State could seize the serfs
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Urban artisan
a manual worker in a town who possessed some skills, e.g. a cobbler or a leather-maker
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Intelligentsia
the more educated members of Russian society, including writers and philosophers with both humanitarian and nationalist concerns; many opposed the State for various cultural, moral, religious, philosophical and political reasons.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
autocracy means having no limits on a ruler's power; such a ruler was called an autocrat
Back
Autocratic
Card 3
Front
following a split in the Christian Church in the eleventh century, the Eastern Orthodox Church had developed its own beliefs and rituals; in 1453, when Constantinople fell to the Turks, Moscow became its spiritual capital
Back
Card 4
Front
appointed by the Tsar from the laity, this was the highest Church official
Back
Card 5
Front
a group of bishops, which forms the ruling body of the Orthodox Church; it is the highest authority of rules, regulations, faith and matters of Church organisation
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