The Revolt of the Northern Earls 1569-70

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  • Created by: Annagc
  • Created on: 18-04-19 13:44
What was William Cecil's role?
Chief minister, implemented policy at home and abroad
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Who was Cecil's chief rival at court?
Robert Dudley
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Why were Northumberland and Westmorland excluded from high office?
Elizabrth did not fully trust them due to their Catholic sympathies
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Who did Elizabeth appoint as President of the Council of the North?
The Earl of Sussex
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Who did Elizabeth make Bishop of Durham?
James Pilkington, southerner and protestant
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What was the succession crisis of 1562?
Elizabeth contracted smallpox and didn't have a names successor
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Under what circumstances did Mary arrive in England?
In 1568 when she was forced to abdicate and flee in search of shelter and protection after her rule in Scotlanf had been a disaster
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What was the main catalyst for the rebellion?
Mary's detention and subsequent treatment
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What was the Norfolk plot?
Norfolk resented Elizabeth's favouring of Cecil and felt he should be a leading privy councillor, he planned to secure the crown by marrying Mary
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What was the result of the Norfolk plot?
He was arrested for treason and his faction at Court collapsed
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What were Elizabeth's main options on how to deal with Mary?
She could release her and send her to Scotland or France/ Or she could keep her under house arrest
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What was the issue with releasing Mary?
There was a risk of a civil war with Scotland or a French military expedition
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What was the risk in keeping Mary under house arrest?
Plots could be laid to free her or the Catholic powers could unite against Elizabeth to demand her freedom
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Why was Elizabeth reluctant to execute Mary?
She believed in the Great Chain of Being and Mary was a queen
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Why did the Norfolk plot fail?
Rumors of it reached Elizabeth
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How did Norfolk respond to the failure of his plan?
He left the Court without permission, he wrote to Westmorland advising him not to rebel in support, he submitted to Elizabeth and was put in the tower
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Why was the Northern rising a threat to Elizabeth?
It was a shock to Elizabeth and a reminder that not everyone had accepted the Church Settlement, it also set an example for future rebellions
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What did Northumberland and Westmorland state in their proclomation?
Their rebllion was to resist the 'new found religion and heresy', that they didn't intend to remove Elizabeth, demanded the release of Mary
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How many people joined the rebellion?
6000
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Why did the rebel Earls capture Durham?
To attract recruits, to establish a base and ensure the Crown would take them seriously
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What did the rebels do at Durham Cathedral?
Tore down evidence of Protestantism and performed Catholic mass
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What were the rebels intentions after capturing Durham?
To march South to free Mary who was in Tutbury
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Why was Barnard castle a target for the rebels?
It's constable Sir George Bowes, had refused to join the rebellion and they wanted to seek revenge
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What was the outcome of the seige of Barnard Castle?
Bowes' forces lacked food supplies and royal forces failed to arrive on time, over 11 days the rebels forced Bowes to retreat into the castle and 200 of his men joined the rebels due to starvation, Bowes was forced to surrender
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Why did the rebel Earls disband?
They heard about a royal army of 10,000 men marching north to meet them
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What happened in January 1570 when Leonard Dacre rebelled?
He rose an army of 3000 men but was defeated by Lord Hudson in a battle which ended the Northern Rebellion
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How successful was the rebellion?
They achieved little besides the capture of Barnard castle and Durham
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Why did the rebellion fail?
Poor leadership as the earls were reluctant to revolt, it was midwinter so there was limited food supplies, it was a purely northern concern, the Crown's military forces under Hudson and Sussex were a match for the rebels
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What was the consequence for Northumberland?
He was captured and executed
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What was the consequences for Westmorland?
He escaped abroad
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What were the consequences for the commoners involved?
Nearly 800 were tried for treason although only around 450 were actually executed
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What was the government's response in terms of law and order?
There was reinforcement of the Act of Uniformity, regular visitations which went ahead without incident
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What was the impact of the 1570 Papal Bull?
Elizabeth was excommunicated by the pope, released English Catholics from their alliance to the Queen
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What was Elizabeth's response to the Papal Bull?
She set up persecution of religious orgers such as the Jesuits
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Why did Elizabeth take a 'via media' approach?
As not to alienate her subjects or antagonise her continental neighbours
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What was the 1559 Elizabethan Church Settlement?
Legislation which re-confirmed Royal Supremacy, established the content and conduct of services in every church
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Why was the church settlement deliberately vague?
To avoid alientaing Catholics and so it could be interpreted differently by Catholics and Protestants
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Why did Elizabeth have to abandon her 'via media' approach?
Mary's arrival, the rebellion of the northern earls and the pope's excommunication
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What was the Catholic Counter-Reformation?
The setting up of colleges in Europe to train priests who were sent to England to spread the Catholic faith
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How did the government respond to the catholic counter reformation?
They banned the prietss and their books and arrested, tortured and executed them
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What was the Puritan view of the Religous settlement?
They thought it was too weak and soft on Catholics
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who was Cecil's chief rival at court?

Back

Robert Dudley

Card 3

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Why were Northumberland and Westmorland excluded from high office?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who did Elizabeth appoint as President of the Council of the North?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who did Elizabeth make Bishop of Durham?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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