The Respiratory System

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  • Created by: cleojoy
  • Created on: 18-06-18 07:37
Larynx
the name for the voice box and sits just above the trachea. Its function is to house the vocal folds and manipulate pitch and volume.
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Trachea
Another name for the windpipe. It is the tube that connects the pharynx and layrnx to the lungs to allow for the passage of air. It extends into two bronchi.
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Bronchi
a passage of air in the respiratory systeem that conducts air in and out of the lungs. Thay are the highways for gas exchange as oxygen goes into the lungs and carbon dioxide leaves through them.
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Bronchioles
The branches that the bronchi divide into. They are the smallest and have no cartilage around them. They make sure that every alveoli is supplied with oxygen.
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Pleural Membranes
Allow the lungs to move easily during ventilation they are covered in a fluid to allow the two layers of the membrane to slide easily over each other as the lungs inflate and deflate.
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Diagphram
Works with the intercostal muscles to allow ventilation to happen. It is a dome shaped sheet of muscle at the lower ribs.
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Intercostal muscles
Allow the rib cage to change in volume for ventilation to happen. there are 22 pairs of the muscles found between the ribs. They also help protect the lungs.
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Alveoli
Tiny air sacsat the end of the bronchioles that allow gaseous exchange to happen. They are folded to have a greater surface area for the gas exchange to occur and also the walls are one cell thick to make it easier for the exchange to happen.
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The process of gaseous exchange in the alveoli
High carbon dioxide concentrated blood arrives in the alveoli that is produced during respiration. The air in the alveoli has a much lower concentration of co2 meaning that there is a concentration gradient allowing the carbon dioxide to diffuse out
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Inspiration
When a person inhales the intercostal muscles contract to expand the ribcage, the diagphram then contracts pulling downwards to increase the volume of the chest and the pressure of the chest decreases as air is pushed into the lungs.
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Expiration
The intercostal muscles relax and the rib cage drops inwards and downwards. The diagphram then relaxes moving upwards to decrease the volume of the chest and the pressure inside the chest increases as air is pushed out of the lungs.
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Dysfunction of the respiratory system: Asthma
Common lung condition that cause breathing difficulties. There is no cure but there are treatments that can help with it. It occurs when a person comes into contact with something that irritates their airways. The muscle becomes tighter.
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Symptoms of Asthma
wheezing, breathlessness, coughing and a tight chest
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Cystic Fibrosis
A genetic condition where people experience a build up of thick sticky mucus in the lungs.
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COPD- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It amin affects middle aged adults who smoke.
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Symptoms of COPD
Increased breathlessness, a chesty cough with phlegm, frequent chest infections and persistent wheezing.
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Causes of cystic fibrosis
genes- it is a genetic conditon caused by a faulty gene affecting the movement of salt water in and out of cells. You are born with cystic fibrosis
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Causes of Asthma
Lifestyle- exercise can be a trigger for asthma especially in cold weather, diet such as milk and nuts can make asthma worse ans smoking as it irritates the lungs.
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Diagnosing asthma
Chest x-ray to make sure nothing else will be causing the problem such as a lung infection, Peak flow monitoring- sees how much a person can blow out of their lungs. Spirometry
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Diagnosing cystic fibrosis
Blood tests- all new born babies have them as part of the new born blood spot tests, sweat test- measures the amount of salt in a persons sweat, if they have CF they levels will be high.
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Sweat test
a small electrical stimulation is applied to a small area of the arm or leg which encourages the sweat glands to produce sweat. The sweat is then collected on filter paper and seant to a hospital lab to measure the amount of salt in it
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Spirometry
measures how quickly air moves out of a persons lungs. It takes 2 measurements: the volume of air blown out and the total amount blown out. May need to be done a few times. Findings are then compared with the normal measurements for the persons age.
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Treatments of Asthma
Steroids- clear and expand the airways but can have side effects such as sleeplessness, Inhalers and a change of lifestyle e.g. no smoking.
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reliever Inhaler
A reliever inhaler is take immediately to relieve symptoms as soon as they start. They quickly relax the muscles sirrounding the narrowed airway making them wider and easier to breath through
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Preventer Inhaler
Control the swelling and inflammation in the airways stopping them from being so sensitive and reducing the risk of severe attacks. Need to be taken every morning and night even when the patient feels well.
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Cystic Fibrosis treatments
Antibiotics may beed to be taken to prevent further lung problems, they will help prevent chest infections by killing bacteria and preventing it from spreading.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Another name for the windpipe. It is the tube that connects the pharynx and layrnx to the lungs to allow for the passage of air. It extends into two bronchi.

Back

Trachea

Card 3

Front

a passage of air in the respiratory systeem that conducts air in and out of the lungs. Thay are the highways for gas exchange as oxygen goes into the lungs and carbon dioxide leaves through them.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The branches that the bronchi divide into. They are the smallest and have no cartilage around them. They make sure that every alveoli is supplied with oxygen.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Allow the lungs to move easily during ventilation they are covered in a fluid to allow the two layers of the membrane to slide easily over each other as the lungs inflate and deflate.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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