The respiratory system

?
x3 basic steps are:
Pulmonary ventilation, external respiration and internal respiration
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Pulmonary ventilation =
Inflow and outflow of air between atmosphere and lungs
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External respiration =
Exchange of gases between lungs and blood
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Internal respiration =
Exchange of gases between blood and cells
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Upper respiratory system =
Nose and pharynx
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Lower respiratory system =
Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs
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Functionally the resp. system is split into..
Two parts, conductive portion and respiratory portion
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Conductive portion =
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles (warms and moistens air)
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Respiratory portion =
Respiratory bronchioles, lung tissue- ducts, sacs and alveoli (gas exchange between air and blood)
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The nose..
Warms, filters and moistens incoming air and modifies speech vibration (external nose and nasal cavity)
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The nasal cavity is divided by the
Septum
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What divides the cavity?
Conchae
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Conchae divide the cavity into..
Groove like cavities; superior middle and inferior meatuses
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Function of conchae?
Increase surface area and trap water droplets
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What are olfactory receptors?
Smell stimuli in the mucus membrane that line the superior conchi
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What does the mucus membrane contain?
Capillaries, cilia and goblet cells
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What is the external nose largely made up of?
Cartilage; septal cartilage, lateral nasal cartilage and alar cartilage)
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What are the four paranasal air sinuses?
Frontal sinuses, maxillary sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses and sphenoidal sinuses
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What is the pharynx shared by?
The digestive and respiratory systems
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What part of the pharynx houses the tonsils and is a resonating chamber for speech sounds?
Laryngopharynx
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What is the larynx otherwise called?
The voice box
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How many cartridges in the Larynx?
9 cartridges (3 paired the rest unpaired)
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Thyroid cartilage otherwise known as?
The Adams apple
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Unpaired cartridges in the larynx?
Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis
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Six paired cartilidges?
Arytenoid, corniculate and curniform cartilidges
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What are the false vocal cords called?
Superior folds
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What are the true vocal cords called?
Inferior folds
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Which part of the trachea does the bronchi split?
Carina ridge
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Carina is responsible for..
Cough reflex
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Which vertebrae does the trachea split into primary bronchi?
5th Thoracic
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How does the bronchi split?
R and L primary bronchi, to R and L lobar (secondary) bronchi, into L and R tertiary (segmental) bronchi. Tertiary bronchi then divide into bronchioles which form the terminal and then the respiratory bronchioles
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The bronchi structure?
Cartilage rings, connective tissue and smooth muscle (bottom more cartilidge, top more smooth muscle)
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Lower bronchial tree is responsible for?
Gas exchange
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The right lung has?
Two fissures and split into 3 lobes; superior, middle and inferior
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The left lung has?
One fissure and only has superior and inferior lobes
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Lobes then divide into?
Lobules
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The lungs are covered by two layers of membrane called?
The pleura
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What separates the lungs?
The mediastinum
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Apex of lung is in line with?
The clavicle
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Where does the bronchi vessels and nerves enter the lungs?
The hilum
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The higher the partial pressure in the lungs the?
More O2 binds (+sats)
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Factors that affect sats?
Temperature, blood CO2, low PH (acidosis)
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What is tidal volume?
Volume of air that enters the body each breath (Vt)
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What is minute volume?
The volume of air inhaled each minute (Mv)
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Diffusion is?
Movement of gas from high partial pressure to low partial pressure
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Inspiration..
Lower pressure in the lungs than in the atmosphere (diaphragm contracts)
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What does the diaphragm do on expiration?
Relaxed and helps push air out of the lungs
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What is surfactant?
Fluid produced by the cilia which lines the inner alveoli surface
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Pulmonary circulation?
Deoxygenated blood leaves R ventricle to lungs via the pulmonary arteries and returns as oxygenated blood to L atrium by pulmonary veins
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Lung tissues received oxygenated blood..
from L ventrical via brachial arteries through systemic circulation. Deoxygenated blood from the lungs transfers to R atrium through brachial veins
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Pulmonary ventilation =

Back

Inflow and outflow of air between atmosphere and lungs

Card 3

Front

External respiration =

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Internal respiration =

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Upper respiratory system =

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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