The Reign of Charles II

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What nickname was the second Restoration parliament given?
The Cavalier Parliament- a large royalist majority was elected, to undermine the laws put in place during Republican rule.
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What was the Militia Act of 1661?
Stated that the king alone was in supreme command of the army.
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What was the Act of Uniformity of 1662?
Restored the Laudian Church and set conditions so stringent that around 1,800 ministers were unable to conform and were expelled from their livings.
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What was significant about the Hearth Tax?
It raised only 1/3 of its expected revenue of £250,000 in the first year; 1662.
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What was different about the Triennial Act of 1664?
It did not provide any mechanisms to enforce the calling of parliament every three months.
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What happened in 1664?
Charles sold Dunkirk to Louis XIV to raise funds, ending English influence in France.
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What happened in 1665?
Charles embarked on the Second Anglo-Dutch War, to aid Louis XIV expand French territory and destroy the Protestant Dutch Republic.
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Why did suspicion of Catholics increase?
The Great Plague (1665) and the Great Fire of London (1666) were thought to have been engineered by Catholic advisers to the King. This, coupled with the loss of the war intensified suspicions of Charles.
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What was Cabal?
A group of senior Privy Councillors formed in 1667 to advise the King. It included two Catholics.
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What happened in 1668?
James, the Duke of York, announced his conversion to Catholicism.
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What was the Treaty of Dover?
Signed by Charles with the French that committed England to further war with the Dutch. Heightened suspicions of the King's Catholicism.
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What was the Declaration of Indulgence (1672)?
Protected Catholic dissenters from punishment and claimed that Charles, as monarch, could 'dispense with the law'.
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What was the Stop of the Exchequer?
In 1672, Charles found himself unable to repay his creditors and so stopped making payments from the Treasury. Charles recalled parliament for funds and they agreed, if the Indulgence was revoked.
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Who was Titus Oates?
Educated at a Jesuit school in France, and approached a magistrate with information of a Jesuit plot to murder Charles and replace him with his Catholic brother James.
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What happened afterwards?
Correspondence between the Duke of York's secretary and French agents seemed to confirm the story, and triggered the Exclusion Crisis.
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What happened in 1678?
The Whigs (Shaftesbury et al) attempted to impeach the King's adviser Danby. A large anti-Danby (Whig) majority was elected in the next parliament.
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What was the first stage of the Exclusion Crisis of 1679?
The first Exclusion Bill passed the Commons but was prevented from going to the Lords because Charles dissolved parliament.
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What was the second stage of the Exclusion Crisis?
In 1680, a new bill was presented, but it was defeated in the Lords due to heavy pressure from the King. Anti-Popish hysteria that caused moderate MPs to join the Whigs was dissipating.
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What was the third stage?
Charles had made a secret agreement with Louis XIV in 1675- if Charles suspended parliament, he would recieve £100,000 from France. In 1681, he was financially independent thanks to this, and had Shaftesbury arrested for treason.
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What was the Rye House Plot?
Old Cromwellian soldiers planned Charles' assassination to replace him with his illegitimate Protestant son, the Duke of Monmouth. Some Whig leaders had known about the plot, sparking a royalist backlash against the Whigs.
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What happened in 1685?
Charles died, and James ascended the throne despite Catholic suspicions.
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Card 2

Front

What was the Militia Act of 1661?

Back

Stated that the king alone was in supreme command of the army.

Card 3

Front

What was the Act of Uniformity of 1662?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was significant about the Hearth Tax?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was different about the Triennial Act of 1664?

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Preview of the front of card 5
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