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6. What did Vink et al find in the maintenance of smoking addiction?

  • nicotine dependence is 85% genetics
  • nicotine dependence is 75% genetics, nicotine metabolism
  • maintenence of addiction equally biological factors and external factors
  • smoking in pregnancy doubles future smoking risk of fetus

7. Who researched into smoking relapse, finding out about poor boredom tolerance?

  • Buka et al
  • Blaszczynski et al
  • Thorgeirsson et al
  • Breen and Zimmerman

8. Who found that in males, there is a genetic transmission of gambling behaviour

  • Vink et al
  • Shah et al
  • Xian et al
  • Paris et al

9. What did Black et al find?

  • In males, there is a genetic transmission of gambling behaviour
  • Individual differences in smoking addiction 44% genetic
  • First-degree relatives of pathological gamblers more likely to gamble than distant relatives
  • 54% risk of failure when quitting smoking is due to heritability

10. Who found that in pathological gamblers, there was no cortisol reaction when watching gambling

  • Zuckerman
  • Paris et al
  • Xian et al
  • Vink et al