the unconscious mind has an important influence on behaviour
sigmund freud suggested the mind is made up of: conscious, pre-conscious and unconscious.
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tripartite structure of personality. dynamic interaction between the three parts determines behaviour
freud saw personality as having three parts: id, ego and superego
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five psychosexual stages that determine adult personality
each stage is marked by a different conflict that the child must resolve to move on to the next. any conflict that is unresolved leads to fixation where the child becomes stuck and carries behaviours associated with that stage through to adult life
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the sequence of stages is fixed
oral (0-1 years)- mouth, the mothers breast. anal (1-3) anus, gains pleasure from holding in faeces. phallic (3-5) genital area. latency- earlier conflict repressed. genital (puberty) sexual desires become conscious
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the oedipus complex is an important psychosexual conflict occurring at the phallic stage
little boys develop incestuous feelings towards their mother and murderous hatred for their father. later boys repress their feelings for their mother and identify with their father, taking on his gender role. girls the same age experience penis envy
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defence mechanisms are used by the ego to keep the id in check and reduce anxiety
unconscious strategies used by the ego. repression- forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind. denial- refusing to acknowledge reality. displacement- transferring feelings from their true source onto a substitute target.
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strength 1- explanatory power
it has been used to explain a wide range of behaviours and drew attention to the influence of childhood on adult personality.
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limitation 1- based on psychic determinism
the psychodynamic approach explains all behaviour as determined by unconscious conflicts that are rooted in childhood. even something as apparently random as a slip of the tongue is driven by unconscious forces and has deep symbolic meaning
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limitation 2- untestable concepts
popper, doesn't meet the scientific criterion of falsification. this affords psychodynamic theory the status of pseudoscience rather than real science
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
freud saw personality as having three parts: id, ego and superego
Back
tripartite structure of personality. dynamic interaction between the three parts determines behaviour
Card 3
Front
each stage is marked by a different conflict that the child must resolve to move on to the next. any conflict that is unresolved leads to fixation where the child becomes stuck and carries behaviours associated with that stage through to adult life
Back
Card 4
Front
oral (0-1 years)- mouth, the mothers breast. anal (1-3) anus, gains pleasure from holding in faeces. phallic (3-5) genital area. latency- earlier conflict repressed. genital (puberty) sexual desires become conscious
Back
Card 5
Front
little boys develop incestuous feelings towards their mother and murderous hatred for their father. later boys repress their feelings for their mother and identify with their father, taking on his gender role. girls the same age experience penis envy
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