the placenta
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- Created by: Ruby waterhouse
- Created on: 03-11-20 16:28
membranes of the placenta
- the chorion
- the amnion
- the amnion
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The chorion properties
- the outer membrane which is closest to the mother
- lies under the capsula decidua
- has a thick, opaque, friable membrane
- derived from the trophoblast
- lies under the capsula decidua
- has a thick, opaque, friable membrane
- derived from the trophoblast
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The amnion properties
- the inner membrane which is closest to the baby
- smooth, tough, translucent membrane
- derived from the inner cell mass
- has a role in the formation of the amniotic fluid
- smooth, tough, translucent membrane
- derived from the inner cell mass
- has a role in the formation of the amniotic fluid
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What do midwives check the placenta for?
- shape
- size
- texture
- the membranes - the chorion and amnion
- size
- texture
- the membranes - the chorion and amnion
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What do midwives check the cord for?
check for any abnormalities, length, insertion and its vessels
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The amniotic fluid - properties
-98% water, alkaline
- clear, pale, straw colour
- contains proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and hormones
- the baby drinks and excretes the fluid
- clear, pale, straw colour
- contains proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and hormones
- the baby drinks and excretes the fluid
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what is the vernix that found in the amniotic fluid?
- the biofilm that covers the skin of fetus and protects the skin of the fetus and also the languo - the hair that is found on the fetus
- the fluid increases to 700 - 1000 mls at term
- the fluid increases to 700 - 1000 mls at term
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What is Polyhyramnious?
- excess fluid seen in 1% of pregnancies - can be associated with diabetes
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What is oligohydramnios?
what are the causes of this?
What can this go on to cause?
what are the causes of this?
What can this go on to cause?
- deficiency of amniotic fluid - caused by drugs, premature rupture of membranes,
fetal abnormalities -this can cause growth restriction for the baby, lung malnutrition, inability to tolerate labour and even death.
fetal abnormalities -this can cause growth restriction for the baby, lung malnutrition, inability to tolerate labour and even death.
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when does the volume of fluid increase?
after the 11th week of pregnancy as the fetus excretes urine into the amniotic fluid
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By the end of pregnancy what are the 2 main contributors to amniotic fluid?
- fetal kidneys
- lungs
- lungs
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Functions of the amniotic fluid
- provides cushioning
- provides even temperature
- provides lubrication
- provides fluids for the baby
- maintains even pressure
- acts as a barrier for infection
- provides even temperature
- provides lubrication
- provides fluids for the baby
- maintains even pressure
- acts as a barrier for infection
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Marginal placenta previa
how much of the os does it cover?
how much of the os does it cover?
- this covers part of the os
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location and formation of the placenta
-marginal placenta previa - partly covering the os
-complete placenta previa - completely covering the os.
-low lying - not a placenta
previa yet, however it would be it if it moved down to the os any further
-complete placenta previa - completely covering the os.
-low lying - not a placenta
previa yet, however it would be it if it moved down to the os any further
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other locations and formations of the placenta
accreta
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Battledore placenta
what is this?
what does it increase the risk of?
how many pregnancies does it occur in?-
what is this?
what does it increase the risk of?
how many pregnancies does it occur in?-
- this is when the umbilical cord is attached to the placenta
- increased risk of maternal and fetal complications/morbidity
- occurs in 7-9% of singleton pregnancies
- occurs in 24-33% of mutilple (twin) pregnancies
- increased risk of maternal and fetal complications/morbidity
- occurs in 7-9% of singleton pregnancies
- occurs in 24-33% of mutilple (twin) pregnancies
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What is the battledore placenta associated with?
- fetal distress
- preterm labour
- decreased birth rate and growth restriction - as there is less room for oxygen and nutrients to transfer
- preterm labour
- decreased birth rate and growth restriction - as there is less room for oxygen and nutrients to transfer
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Velamentous cord insertion -
what is it?
what are the risks associated with this?
what is it?
what are the risks associated with this?
- risk of fetal distress
- fetal haemorrhage
- growth restriction as the cord is not attached to the baby properly
- premature labour
- placental abruption
- neonatal death
-vasa previa - where the vessels are covering the os
- fetal haemorrhage
- growth restriction as the cord is not attached to the baby properly
- premature labour
- placental abruption
- neonatal death
-vasa previa - where the vessels are covering the os
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How does velamentous cord insertion happen?
- Because there is a lack of protection from the whartons jelly, the vessels are prone to compression and rupture
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Succenturate lobe
-what is it?
-what are the risks with this type of placenta?
-factors which could increase the risk of developing this type of placenta
- how often does it occur?
-what is it?
-what are the risks with this type of placenta?
-factors which could increase the risk of developing this type of placenta
- how often does it occur?
- it is a seperate lobe which has the same blood supply as the placenta
- risks include maternal infection, haemorrage,
- occurs in 5% of placentas
- increased maternal age, IVF
- risks include maternal infection, haemorrage,
- occurs in 5% of placentas
- increased maternal age, IVF
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Bipartite/ tripartite placenta
- what is it?
what are the risks associated with it?
what is the suspected origin?
how often does this occur?
- what is it?
what are the risks associated with it?
what is the suspected origin?
how often does this occur?
- a placenta that is entirely divided into 2 or 3 succulent lobes
- increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage
- increased likelihood of vasa previa
- suspected genetic origin
- occur in 2-8% of placentas
- increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage
- increased likelihood of vasa previa
- suspected genetic origin
- occur in 2-8% of placentas
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Placenta abruption
-how often does this occur?
-risk factors
- symptoms
-how often does this occur?
-risk factors
- symptoms
- medical emergency!
- occurs in 1% of pregnancies
- risks include trauma eg car accident or domestic violence, drug use, smoking, pre eclampsia, previous abruption.
- symptoms include pain in back and abdomen, tender womb to touch, vaginal bleeding, ab
- occurs in 1% of pregnancies
- risks include trauma eg car accident or domestic violence, drug use, smoking, pre eclampsia, previous abruption.
- symptoms include pain in back and abdomen, tender womb to touch, vaginal bleeding, ab
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The functions of the placenta
S.E.R.P.E.N.T
S.E.R.P.E.N.T
- Respiration
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The chorion properties
Back
- the outer membrane which is closest to the mother
- lies under the capsula decidua
- has a thick, opaque, friable membrane
- derived from the trophoblast
- lies under the capsula decidua
- has a thick, opaque, friable membrane
- derived from the trophoblast
Card 3
Front
The amnion properties
Back
Card 4
Front
What do midwives check the placenta for?
Back
Card 5
Front
What do midwives check the cord for?
Back
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