A organ made of maternal and fetal tissue that forms in pregnancy?
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What is the basic function of the placenta?
Delivering nutrients to the baby and removing waste from the baby
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What is the complex function of the placenta? SERPENT
Storage Endocrine Respiration Protection Excretion Nurtients and Transfer
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What does the placenta store?
Glucose and glycogen (that can be converted into glucose). Iron and fat soluble vitamins (e.g. vitamin D).
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What 3 hormones does the placenta produce?
Oestrogen (for increased uterine blood flow). Progesterone (for immunosupression, so body doesn't attack baby). Human Placental Lactogen (for breast formation)
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What gaseous exchange (respiration) occurs in the placenta?
02 and CO2. Fetal Haemoglobin has a high affinity for O2 because the amniotic sac lacks O2!
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What does the placenta protect the fetus from?
Bacteria! Most viruses (HIV, StrepB, Rubella) and drugs can cross the placenta. Immumoglobulins (antibodies) can cross the placenta!
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What does the fetus excrete that the placenta takes away?
CO2 and bilirubin (bi-product of RBC production)
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What nutrients does the placenta help exchange?
02, water, minerals, vitamins - depletes mother's own supply.
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What does the placenta transfer?
Substances to and from the mother and fetus
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How is the placenta and chorion formed?
From trophoblastic cells from the blastocyst. Prelacunar stage: HCG makes endo more vascular, endo now decidua. Blastocyst burries itself in decidua.
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What is the lacuna stage in placenta formation?
Syncitiotrophoblast cells surround the blastocyst, makes small lakes called lacunae. Lacunae becomes intervillus space!
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What are chorionic villi?
Parts of trophoblast cells (part of umbilical cord) that dangle in the intervillus space and absorbs 02 and nurients from maternal blood
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What are the two membranes of the placenta called?
Chorion (maternal side) and amnion (fetal side). Amnionic fluid surrounds amnion, for shock absorption and distension of the uterus (so baby can grow to full potential)
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What is polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios?
Poly: too much amniotic fluid (likelyhood of hemorrhage and may be a sign of fetal kidney issues). Oligo: too little amniotic fluid!
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What are cotyledons and septums?
Cotyledons are lobes of the placenta, septums are where two lobes meet.
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What does the blood vessels does the umbilical cord contain?
2 arteries (oxygenated blood) and 1 vein (oxygenated blood)
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What blood do the umbilical vein and arteries carry?
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