The Peripheral Nervous System and Central Nervous System

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  • Created by: feyikemi5
  • Created on: 06-11-17 22:44
What is the Central Nervous System made up of?
Brain and Spinal cord
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What are the 2 parts of the Perihperal Nervous System?
Autonomic and Somatic
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What are the three main parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brain Stem
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What is the Cerebellum concerned with?
Balance, muscular co-ordination, dexterity
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What is the brain stem critical for?
Coscious awareness, basic 'life support' functions (e.g. control of breathing and blood pressure)
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What is the largest part of the brain?
Cerebrum
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What does the longitudinal fissure divide?
The two cerebral hemispheres
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What does the tranverse fissure divide?
The cerebrum and cerebellum
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What does the lateral sulcus divide?
The frontal and temporal lobe
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What are the four main lobes of the cerebral hemisphere?
Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Occipital lobe, Temporal lobe
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What does the frontal lobe contain?
The primary motor cortex
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What does the parietal lobe contain?
The primary somatic sensory cortex
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What does the occipital lobe contain?
The primary visual cortex
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What does the temporal lobe contain?
The primary auditory cortex
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What is the corpus callosum?
It is a bundle of 300 million nerve fibres linking the two cerebral hemispheres
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What is the brain stem composed of?
The midbrain. pons and medulla
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What are the medullary pyramids?
They are paired white matter structures that contain voluntary motor fibres descending from the frontal lobe to the spinal cord. Damage could cause weakness or paralysis.
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What are the pillars of the midbrain called?
Cerebral peduncles (separated by interpeduncularfossa)
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What are the colliculi of the midbrain and what are they concerned with?
Superior and inferior colliculcus and are concerned with visual and auditory reflexes
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How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
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Where do the cranial nerves supply innervations to?
The head and neck (eyes, ears, nose and tongue) (muscles of the face and muscles used for chewing)
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What is cranial nerve 2 (CNII)?
The optic nerve
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Where does the optic nerve cross over and what is the purpose of this?
The optic chiasm and it allows the coordination of images from both eyes
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How many spinal nerves are there?
31
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What are the different spinal nerves and how many pairs of nerves do they have each?
Cervical (8) , Thoracic (12) , Lumbar (5) , Sacral (5) , Coccygeal (1)
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Where do the spinal nerves emerge?
The intervertebral foramina
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What are the ending parts of the spinal cord?
Conus medullaris, Cauda equina, Filum terminale
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How many spinal nerve roots suppy the upper limb and what are they?
Five and C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1 (Form the brachial plexus)
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What are the four major nerves that supply the upper limb?
The musculorcutaneous nerve, the median nerve, the ulnar nerve, the radial nerve
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What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
The flexor compartment of the upper arm
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What does the median nerve innervate?
Flexors in the forearm
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What does the ulnar nerve innervate?
The intrinsic muscles of the hand
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What does the radial nerve innervate?
All of the extensor muscles
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What is a muscle compartment?
A group of muscles, usually supplied by a single main artery and nerve, which generally act together on a joint e.g. upper arm
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What are three main nerves that supply the lower limb?
The femoral nerve, the obturator nerve and the sciatic nerve
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What does the femoral nerve innervate (L2,L3,L4)?
The anterior thigh
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What does the obturator nerve innervate (L2,L3,L4)?
The medial (adductor) compartment
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What does the sciatic nerve innervate (L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)?
The posterior compartments
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What does the sciatic nerve divide to form?
The common peroneal and tibial nerves
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What does the common peoneal divide to form and what do they supply?
The deep and superficial peroneal (fibular) nerves that supply the anterior snd lateral compartments of the leg respectively.
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What does the tibial nerve supply?
The posterior compartment of the leg and continues under the medial malleolus into the sole of the foot where it supplies the muscles in the underside (plantar compartment) of the foot
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What nerves make up the phrenic nerve and what does it supply?
C3, C4, C5 and supplies the diaphragm
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What cranial nerve is the vagus nerve, where does it arise and what does it supply?
Cranial nerve 10 (CNX), arises from the medulla and gives parasympathetic supply to the viscera
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Where do the intercostal nerves run and what are they made up of?
In the intercostal spaces and are made up of one pair from each thoracic vertebral segment
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Where is the sympathetic trunk and what does it innervate?
Located lateral to the vertebral bodies and gives sympathetic innervation via the spinal nerves
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the 2 parts of the Perihperal Nervous System?

Back

Autonomic and Somatic

Card 3

Front

What are the three main parts of the brain?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the Cerebellum concerned with?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the brain stem critical for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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