The Origins of Psychology

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  • Created by: asusre
  • Created on: 07-04-21 11:07
Who opened the first psychology lab and when?
Wundt opened the first psychology lab in 1879 to investigate the nature of human consciousness.
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What is introspection?
Introspection is a process where a person can gain knowledge about their own mental processes and emotional states through examination of their conscious thoughts and feelings.
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Describe the approach Wundt used to investigate the mind.
Wundt used the approach of structuralism, which involves studying the structure of the mind by breaking it up into its basic elements.
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How were Wundt's methods scientific?
Introspection can be seen as scientific as all observations were recorded under strictly controlled conditions using the same stimulus and standardised instructions each time, which allows the procedure to be replicated.
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Who was first to challenge introspection?
Early behaviourists such as Watson (1913) saw introspection as unreliable as it invloved unobservable processes and produced subjective data from which it was difficult to establish general principles.
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What is another limitation of introspection?
Introspection is not accurate because it involves the examination of conscious thoughts, which means it cannot uncover unconscious reasons for human behaviour.
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What study challenges introspection by claiming that we have little knowledge of the underlying causes of behaviour?
Nisbett and Wilson (1977) challenged introspection with the claim that we have very little knowledge of the underlying causes of our behaviour.
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What is a strength of introspection?
Introspection is still useful in scientific psychology.
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With which study did introspection make a comeback?
Csikszentmihalyi and Hunter (2003) used introspection to make happiness a measurable phenomenon.
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What are the key assumptions of the scientific approach to psychology?
Scientific psychology is based on the assumption of determinism and the assumption of predictability.
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What is the assumption of determinism?
The assumption of determinism assumes that all behaviour has a cause.
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What is the assumption of predictability?
The assumption of predictability assumes that it is therefore possible to predict behaviour in specific conditions.
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What methods are involved in scientific psychology?
Scientific psychology should focus on phenomena that can be observed and measured using emprirical methods.
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What is empricism?
Empiricism means that all knowledge is derived from observation and experience rather than being innate.
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What is the scientific method?
The scientific methods refers to the use of investigative methods that are objective, systematic and replicable.
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What is objectivity?
Objectivity means that researchers do not allow preconcieved biases influence the collection of data.
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What is replicability?
Replicability means that studies can be repeated by other researchers to determine whether the same results are obtained.
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What are the strengths of the scientific method?
The scientific method yields reliable data and can find the causes of behaviour. Repetition of studies means that scientific knowledge is self-corrective and theories can be refined.
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What are the limitations of the scientific method?
Lab experiments do not tell us how people behave in natural setings. Psychological subject matter is often unobservable so theories may not accurately explain data. Some psychologists think that human behaviour is not subject to scientific laws so predict
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What is introspection?

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Introspection is a process where a person can gain knowledge about their own mental processes and emotional states through examination of their conscious thoughts and feelings.

Card 3

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Describe the approach Wundt used to investigate the mind.

Back

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Card 4

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How were Wundt's methods scientific?

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Card 5

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Who was first to challenge introspection?

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