The Nazi Party

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  • Created by: Ke
  • Created on: 30-05-16 14:15
What did Hitler win in WWI as a soldier
2 Iron Cross medals
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What was Hitler's reaction to losing the war?
Bitter like many Germans- didn't accept loss
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When did Hitler join the German Workers' Party?
1919
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Who led the German Workers' Party at that time?
Anton Drexler
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In 1920 what was the new name of the group?
National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi)
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How was Hitler described as?
A charismatic speaker- attracted new members. Soon took over leadership of the party
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Name of private army set up by Hitler
SA- brown- shirted stormtroopers- protected Nazi and harassed opponents
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When was the Munich Putsch (Beer Hall Putsch)?
1923
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What happened during the Munich Putsch?
Hitler, Ludendorff (general) along with several armed men started the revolution. Marched towards the government in Munich. Police fired on the rebels. Revolt collapsed. Hitler had little support so it ended very quickly. Hitler imprisoned.
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What book did Hitler write in his short stay in prison?
Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
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What were the ideas written in his book?
ARYAN race/ Would join Austria and Germany together (Anschluss)/ Reverse the Treaty of Versailles/ Lebensraum (more space to live)/ Anti-Semitic/ Create a greater Germany
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What happened during the mid-20's in correlation to Hitler's popularity?
German economy recovered under Stresemann. Hitler's support decreased
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What changes were made in the Nazi party?
Nazi network extended nationally instead of being regional/ Propaganda used more to promote Nazi beliefs
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During Great Depression what was the highest number of unemployed in Germany?
6 million by 1933
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How did this benefit the Nazis?
People were desperate- looked towards the extremists groups such as the Nazis for help who promised strong leadership. Weimar government looked weak.
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What did the Nazis promise to the people?
Protection from Communists (middle class) / Reverse Treaty of Versailles and have one strong leader (upper class) / Jobs (working class) / family emphasis (women) / Increase agricultural prices (farmers) / Suspension of trade unions (Industries)
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By 1930, how many supporters did the Nazi have?
Over 300,000
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How many seats did the Nazi have in 1930?
107 seats in the Reichstag
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In July 1932 how many seats did the Nazis win?
230 seats (biggest party) but didn't have majority in the Reichstag
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Hitler demanded to be made Chancellor but what happened?
The current President Hindenburg didn't trust Hitler, kept von Papen as Chancellor
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How many seats did the Nazis lose in November 1932?
34 seats lost- seems to be losing popularity
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January 1933, what did Papen do?
Persuaded Hindenburg to replace Scleicher with Hitler as Chancellor (Papen argued they would be able to control Hitler)
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What did Hitler do in March 1933?
Called for another election to make Nazis stronger
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What were the main reasons for Hitler's popularity?
Gave jobs/ People Nazified from early age/ Made Germans proud internationally/ Mass rallies (impression of strong prosperous nation)/ Army supported aims to make Germany strong again/ Hated communists (business owners liked prosperity
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What 'tricks' did the Nazis use to win the March 1933 election?
Controlled media/ Oppositions' meetings banned/ SA terrorised opponents/ The Reichstag fire (blamed on communists-mass arrest)/ Allowed to use the emergency decree
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When does Hitler take over from Hindenburg?
August 1934- Hitler now called 'Der Führer'- beginning of a dictatorship
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What did Hitler do the the Communist Party?
Banned them
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What did this allow him to do?
Get enough support in the parliament to bring in the Enabling Act (March 1933)
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What the the Enabling Bill allow?
Govern for 4 years without parliament and make other parties illegal
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What other opposition did Hitler fear within the Nazi party?
The SA and the leader- Ernst Rohm
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When was The Night of the Long Knives
29th-30th June 1934
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What happened during this occurrence?
Leaders of the SA killed, SA forced to surrender
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What did Hitler make himself after Hindenberg died?
Commander-in-Chief of the army
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Who was in charge of propaganda?
Goebbels
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Chief of the German police (Gestapo)
Himmler
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Examples of propaganda
Mass rallies/ 1936 Olympics- international publicity/ Censored media/ Controlled radio broadcasts/ films/ posters/ books
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What did the Nazis use censorship to encourage?
Nationalism/ Anti-Semitism (Hatred of Jews)
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What did the Nazis highlight was the ideal German woman?
A role of a woman was to support their family at home. Girls studied cookery and stressed they should marry an 'Aryan' husband. Women banned from many jobs by 1936
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Who were the **?
Hitler's most loyal followers, some were his bodyguards
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When were concentration camps introduced?
1933
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What were the motorways built called that helped reduced the number of unemployed
Autobahns- 1933
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What was 'Strength through Joy'?
A scheme that provided workers with cheap holidays and leisure activities
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What was 'Beauty of Labour'?
A scheme that encouraged factory owners to improve conditions for their wokers
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What was the German car that was introduced as an ambition for people to aim for?
The Volkswagen (People's car)
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Why did the Nazis have to make armed forces secretly?
Treaty of Versailles had banned it
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When was the military conscription reintroduced?
1935
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What was the 'Four-Year Plan'? 1936
A preparation for war- industrial production increased. Hitler wanted Germany to be self-sufficient (not reliant of foreign goods)
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Why would normal citizens inform on their own friends and neighbours if they criticised the Nazi regime?
Afraid of the ** and Gestapo
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What happened to the people who spoke out against the Nazis or didn't fit their ideal?
Got sent to concentration camps
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What were some groups sent to concentration camps?
Communists / Jews/ Jehovah's Witnesses/ Clergymen (Martin Neimoller)
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What was the White Rose group?
A Nazi opposition movement led by students from Munich University between 1942 and 1943. Leaders- Hans and Sophie Scholl
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What did the group do?
Protested against Nazi discrimination of minorities. Used non-violent methods such as handing out leaflets. Many arrested and executed, including Hans and Sophie Scholl
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What was the name of the other oppositions who were more violent than the White Rose group?
Edelweiss Pirates/ Navajos/ Roving Dudes
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What were their tactics like?
More violent/ Avoided joining the Hitler Youth and had fights with them/ 1940s- distributed anti-Nazi leaflets and helped escaped prisoners, forced labourers and army deserters
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What happened to them?
Arrested- 1944- Edelweiss Pirates publicly hanged in Cologne
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What was the Kreisau Circle?
Anti-Nazi movement made up of churchmen, scholars and politicians (against violence) Would inform Allies about dangers and weaknesses of Nazi control
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What were the feelings of many German military officers by 1944?
Unhappy with Hitler's leadership- going to lead them to defeat.
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What happened on the 20th July 1944 within the army?
German officers including, Claus von Stauffenberg, put a bomb in a briefcase and left it in the meeting room. Bomb exploded, Hitler unhurt
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What was the Nazis' 'master race' called?
The Aryans-blond hair/blue eyes. Other ethnicities such as the Jews/Romani and Slavic people were inferior
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What other Germans were classified an not being Aryans?
Homosexuals, disabled or anyone who didn't hold same beliefs
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What happened in the Berlin Olympics 1936 that made Hitler mad?
Jesse-Owens (African-American) took home 4 gold medals (Hitler wasn't able to showcase that Aryans were more superior)
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What did the Nazis do to the disabled people in the early 1930s?
Sterilise them (couldn't have children). By late 1930s, began 'Euthanasia Programme'- killed people who suffered from mental or physical disabilities
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What was the Nuremberg Law (1935)?
Stopped Jews being German citizens/ Banned sexual-relationship between Jews and non-Jews/ Later extended to Romani and black people
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What was Kristallnacht (1938)- Night of Broken Glass?
Thousands of Jewish shops smashed and Jews arrested.
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What did the Nazi propaganda make the Jews seem like?
Jews were bad for Germany and needed to be sent to concentration camps. Jews needed to be humiliated and maltreated- blamed for the lass of WW1
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Why so little opposition to prosecution in concentration camps?
People scared of the ** and Gestapo/ Goebbels' propaganda effective people didn't know the full story
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was Hitler's reaction to losing the war?

Back

Bitter like many Germans- didn't accept loss

Card 3

Front

When did Hitler join the German Workers' Party?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who led the German Workers' Party at that time?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

In 1920 what was the new name of the group?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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