The Musculoskeletal System

?
Functions
Support - Hold us up
Protection - Covers some of the major organs
Movement - Muscles pull on bones to move them
Production of blood cells - By bone marrow inside bones
1 of 8
Structure of Bone
Bone is made of a shaft of COMPACT bone with enlarged spongy ends arranged in irregular sheets of trabeculae.
In the centre of the bone shaft is the bone marrow which is the site of blood cell production and location of stem cells which can develop into a
2 of 8
Ends of Bones
Covered in a protective layer of cartilage - Stops bones rubbing together creating friction and pain.
- Ligaments
3 of 8
Bone Development Part 1
Gradually cells called osteoplasts invade the cartilage depositing mineral salts such as calcium phosphate hardening the bone. Once they have deposited their minerals the osteoblasts become known as osteocytes and they maintain the bone as it forms and gr
4 of 8
Bone Development Part 2
Another type of cell called an osteoclast removes bone by using enzymes to dissolve the salts in the bone. This occurs when we take up a new physical activity, and also if we need extra calcium or phosphate in our blood. The osteoclasts work with the oste
5 of 8
Types of Joints
Joints occur when two bones meet each other. Several different types.
Ball and Socket - Hip, Shoulder
Hinge - Knee, Elbow
Pivot - Skull on vertebral column
Sliding/Gliding - Wrist, Ankle
Saddle - Thumb
Fixed - Cranium, Pelvis
Condyloid - Between bones in
6 of 8
Synovial Joints
Cartilage protects the ends of bone from rubber and acts as shock absorber.
Muscles are attached to bones by tendons which are tough and inelastic.
Ligaments attach bone to bone - slightly elastic so bones can move.
Joint capsule produces synovial fluid w
7 of 8
Antagonistic Nature of Muscles
Skeletal muscles are made of muscle cells or fibres consisting of two type of protein, actin and myosin. These proteins can slide past each other using the energy from ATP allowing the muscle fibres to shorten.
When muscles shorten they pull on bone.
As m
8 of 8

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Bone is made of a shaft of COMPACT bone with enlarged spongy ends arranged in irregular sheets of trabeculae.
In the centre of the bone shaft is the bone marrow which is the site of blood cell production and location of stem cells which can develop into a

Back

Structure of Bone

Card 3

Front

Covered in a protective layer of cartilage - Stops bones rubbing together creating friction and pain.
- Ligaments

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Gradually cells called osteoplasts invade the cartilage depositing mineral salts such as calcium phosphate hardening the bone. Once they have deposited their minerals the osteoblasts become known as osteocytes and they maintain the bone as it forms and gr

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Another type of cell called an osteoclast removes bone by using enzymes to dissolve the salts in the bone. This occurs when we take up a new physical activity, and also if we need extra calcium or phosphate in our blood. The osteoclasts work with the oste

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Health & Social Care resources:

See all Health & Social Care resources »See all Anatomy & Physiology resources »