The Muscular System

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  • Created by: Jade
  • Created on: 30-12-20 14:57
What are the functions of muscles?
The essential function of muscle is to contract , or shorten. As a result of this ability, muscles are responsible for all body movements.

They also stabilize joints and generate heat.
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What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac
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How do skeletal muscles produce movement?
Skeletal muscles are responsible for our body’s mobility.
They enable us to respond quickly to changes in the external environment and also allow us to express our emotions with facial expressions.
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How do smooth muscles produce movement?
Smooth muscle of blood vessel walls works with cardiac muscle of the heart, to circulate blood and maintain blood pressure.
Smooth muscle of other hollow organs, force fluids (urine, bile) and other substances (food, a baby) through internal body channels
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How do cardiac muscles produce movement?
Cardiac muscle of the heart works with the smooth muscle of blood vessels to circulate blood and maintain blood pressure.
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Aside from movement, what are the important roles of skeletal muscles?
Maintains posture and body position

Stabilizes joints

Generates heat
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What are the functional properties of muscle fibres?
Irritability (responsiveness)

Contractility

Extensibility

Elasticity
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What is irritability?
The ability to receive and respond to a stimulus
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What is contractility?
The ability to forcibly shorten when adequately stimulated.
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What is extensibility?
The ability of muscle fibers to stretch
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What is elasticity?
The ability to recoil and resume their resting length after being stretched.
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What are the types of muscle contractions?
Isotonic contractions

Isometric contractions
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What occurs during isotonic contractions?
The myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements, the muscle shortens, and movement occurs.

E.g. bending the knee, lifting weights, and smiling
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What occurs during isometric contractions?
The joint is static; there is no lengthening or shortening of the muscle fibers and the limbs don't move.
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What are the different types of body movements?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, pronation, supination, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and opposition.
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Define flexion
Decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together.

E.g. bending the knee or elbow, bending forward at the hip.
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Define extension
Extension is the opposite of flexion; it increases the angle/ distance between two bones or parts of the body.

E.g. straightening the knee or elbow.
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Define rotation
Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis.

E.g. shaking your head “no”.
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Define abduction
Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

E.g. spreading arms out beside you, or the fanning movement of your fingers when they are spread apart.
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Define adduction
The opposite of abduction, so it is the movement of a limb toward the body midline.

E.g. placing arms at your sides
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Define circumduction
A combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

The proximal end of the limb is stationary, and its distal end moves in a circle.
E.g. moving hands in a circle.
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Define dorsiflexion
Lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin (pointing your toe toward your head).
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Define plantar flexion
Downwards movement of the foot (pointing the toes away from your head).
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Define inversion and eversion
Inversion - turning the sole medially, as if you were looking at the bottom of your foot.

Eversion - turning the sole laterally.
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Define supination and pronation
Supination - occurs when the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces up.

Pronation - occurs when the forearm rotates medially so that the palm faces down.
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Define opposition
This is the action by which you move your thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers on the same hand.
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What are the two categories of head muscles?
Facial muscles

Chewing muscles
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Back

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

Card 3

Front

How do skeletal muscles produce movement?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How do smooth muscles produce movement?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How do cardiac muscles produce movement?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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