The Movement of Substances in and out of Cells

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Created on: 12-10-19 17:45

Diffusion

The spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration (passive process - doesn't require energy)

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Active Transport / Uptake

The net movement of particles from an area of low oncentration to an area of high concentration using energy from anaerobic respiration (relies on oxygen)

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Concentration Gradient

The difference between the concentration in one place of a substance compared with the other end

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Factors Affecting the Rate of Diffusion

Difference in concentration (affects steepness of gradient), temperature, the distance a substance has to travel and its' atomic mass (the lighter, the faster)

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Plasmolysis

When the cell membrane sinks away from the cell wall in a plant cell - the cell loses its' turgor, causing a plant to wilt.

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Turgor

When a cell swells up with water, causing a plant to gain structure

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Examples of Osmosis in an Organism

Plants - water being absorbed into root hair cells from the soil, Animal - water being absorbed through the walls of villi in the small intestine

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Characteristics of Exchange Surfaces

Large surface area, thin walled for short diffusion path, efficient blood supply (animals), transport system (xylem and phloem in plants), ventilation (in animals for gaseous exchange) and small intestine and lungs in animals

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How to Calculate Surface Area

Length * width

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How to Calculate Volume

Length * width * height

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The Movement of Substances in and out of Cells

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Osmosis

Back

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration (passive process - doesn't require energy)

Card 3

Front

Active Transport / Uptake

Back

Card 4

Front

Concentration Gradient

Back

Card 5

Front

Factors Affecting the Rate of Diffusion

Back

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The Movement of Substances in and out of Cells