the menstrual cycle

?
what hormones are responsible for regulating hormones in the menstrual cycle?
- hypothalamus
- anterior and posterior pituitary gland
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day 1 of the menstrual cycle
- hypothalamus releases the gonadotrophin releasing hormone
- this releases the LH and FSH hormones from the pituitary gland
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what are the roles of FSH and LH ?
Follicle simulating hormone - to simulate the development of the follicles
Luteinising hormone - cause ovulation
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what happens at the start of the month ?
what does the FSH simulate?
- the FSH simulate 15-20 of the immature eggs (primordial follicles) to start developing them in the ovary

- as they start developing the cells around them (granulosa cells) start secreting oestrogen
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what is oestrogen? and what does it do?
- a steroid sex hormone that acts on tissues with oestrogen receptors to promote female sexual characteristic
eg simulating the development of breast tissue and other female sex organs around puberty eg vagina, *****, uterus, endometrium
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what does oestrogen do to the mucus in the
cervix and why ?
-causes it to become thinner so that the sperm can penetrate it around the time of ovulation
- this is so that they can get into the uterus and fertilise the egg
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what does the oestrogen cause a negative feedback on?

what occurs during this process of negative feedback
?
- the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus
- as the oestrogen rises it supresses and stops the release of LH and FSH
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what happens before ovulation occurs to the hormones ?

what drops and what increases and what does this increase cause?
when does ovulation occur?
- there is a drop in oestrogen as the follicles are getting ready to release the egg
- rise in the luteinising hormone - this causes 1 of the follicles to reach the ovary and release the ovum (unfertilised egg)
- day 14 of the 28 day cycle
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what happens in the luteal phase ?

what does the corpus luteum secrete?
- the follicle that released the ovum (unfertilised egg ) collapses and becomes the corpus luteum.
- the corpus luteum secretes high levels of progesterone
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what is progesterone and what's its relation to the menstrual cycle
what is it ?
when is it produced ?
what happens if pregnancy occurs to progesterone?
- steroid sex hormone
- produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation
- if pregnancy occurs the placenta takes over the production of progesterone from 5-10wks
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how does progesterone effect the woman
- thickens and maintains the endometrium
- thickens cervical mucus to prevent things going in and out of the uterus
- causes a slight rise in body temp
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what does the corpus luteum secrete?
what happens if the egg is fertilised what does this then secrete? - what does this then do?
- corpus luteum - secrets oestrogen
- fertilsed egg secretes HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone) - this keeps the corpus luteum alive
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what is the hormone that is checked for in a pregnancy test ?
- HCG (human gonadotrophin hormone )
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what happens if the ovum (unfertilised egg) is not fertilised ? and no HCG is produced?

how does this then affect the negative feedback?
- the corpus luteum degenerates and stops producing progesterone and oestrogen
- this then affects the negative feedback by removing it and causing the increase and rise in the LH AND FSH and the cycle restarts
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what does the drop in progesterone and oestrogen cause when the egg is not fertilised ?
- causes the endometrium to break down and menstruation to occur
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what is menstruation? (period) how does it occur
how long does it last??
- this is when the superficial and middle layers of the endometrium separate from the basal layer of the endometrium - this tissue is then broke down inside the uterus and released through the cervix and the vagina
- this then causes fluid containing blo
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where do the hormones come from (recap)
- hypothalamus ?
- anterior pituitary
- follicles in the ovaries
- corpus luteum
if the egg is fertilised what will it release?
- gonadotrophin releasing hormone
LH and FSH
- oestrogen
- progesterone + oestrogen
- human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (HCG)
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Exam question answers
- what are the midwives responsibilities before and after carrying out a procedure ?
- informed consent
-discuss the procedure
- ensure privacy and dignity is maintained
-share findings with the woman
- make referral if needed
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

day 1 of the menstrual cycle

Back

- hypothalamus releases the gonadotrophin releasing hormone
- this releases the LH and FSH hormones from the pituitary gland

Card 3

Front

what are the roles of FSH and LH ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what happens at the start of the month ?
what does the FSH simulate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is oestrogen? and what does it do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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