The Heart

?
The heart is situated
between the 2nd rib and 5th intercostal space
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Surrounded by double sac;
Pericardium
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Outer layer pericardium
Fibrous layer
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Fibrous layer functions;
Anchors the heart in place, prevents overstitching
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What is the fibrous layer made of?
Dense connective tissue
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Inner layer pericardium;
Serous pericardium 1)parietal layer lining fibrous layer and 2)serous layer lining tightly to the heart
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In-between layers
Pericardial fluid
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Layers of the heart.. outer layer
Epicardium (visceral layer) of serous pericardium made from mesothelium and connective tissue
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Main bulk of heart
Myocardium
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Endocardium..
Thin epithelial cell layer of connective tissue
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Blood travels;
superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmanry artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, L ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body
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What are the grooves called that line the coronary vessels and make boundaries?
Sulci
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What do auricles do?
Increase surface area of atrium
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What divides the chambers?
Septum
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Left coronary artery gives rise to?
Left anterior defending coronary branch and left circumflex branch
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The right coronary artery has small branches which supply the right atrium before it divides into..
Posterior ventricular branch, right marginal branch
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Coronary veins..
Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, anterior cardiac veins
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AV valves
Tricuspid and Bicuspid
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Semilunar valves
Pulmonary and aortic
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The heart gets it blood from?
L and R coronary arteries which rise from the aorta
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Conducting system..
SA node, AV node, bundle of his, R and L bundle branches, purkinje fibres
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Heart contracts
Systole
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Heart relaxes
Diastole
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Isovolumetric relaxation is where
all valves close, ventricles relax (drop in pressure) AV valves open and ventricles fill
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Ventricular filling is where
Blood flows from atria to ventricles, just after AV valves open, known as relaxation period
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Both ventricular filling and isovolumetric relaxation happen in?
Diastole
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In last third of ventricular filling..
atrial contractions happen and blood is pumped to the ventricles. AV valves are open SL valves are closed
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What are the valves doing during isovolumetric contraction?
Closed
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How does the aortic valve open?
The pressure in the ventricles becomes higher than in the aorta
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What are the SL valves doing during ventricular ejection?
Open for 2.5 seconds
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What is end systolic volume?
Blood remaining in ventricles after systole
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what is end diastolic volume?
Blood remaining in ventricles after diastole
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Cardiac output is?
Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute
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Cardiac output calculation
stroke volume x HR
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What is HR and ventricular contractility regulated by?
Cardiovascular centre in the medulla oblongata through sympathetic and parasympathetic responses
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3 types of blood vessels?
arterial blood vessels, capillaries, Venus blood vessels (veins and venules)
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Blood vessel layers
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica interna
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In larger arteries the tunica externa is lined with...
small vessels called vasa vasorum (nourishment of outer vessel wall)
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Elastic arteries..
aorta, brachiocephaglic, common corotid, subclavian, vertebral, pulmonary and common iliac arteries
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Muscular arteries..
brachial and radial
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What do arterioles do?
control blood pressure and connect arteries to capillaries
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Tissues with higher metabolic activity need?
more ox, nutrients so need more capillaries
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Venous return is?
volume of blood that moves via systemic nervous system from capillaries to R atrium. usually due to pressure of L ventricle
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What is BP?
contraction of ventricles.. the amount of hydrostatic pressure exerted onto the walls of blood vessels
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what are venules?
several capillaries join to form venules which then form veins
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Surrounded by double sac;

Back

Pericardium

Card 3

Front

Outer layer pericardium

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Fibrous layer functions;

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the fibrous layer made of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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