The Glenohumeral Joint

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  • Created by: LM
  • Created on: 07-11-16 11:38
Abduction/Adduction of the glenohumeral joint occurs in what plane/axis?
Frontal plane, anteroposterior axis
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Flexion/extension occurs of GH hoint occurs in what plane/axis?
Sagittal plane, mediolateral axis
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Horizontal flexion/extension of GH joint occurs in what plane/axis?
Transverse plane
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What are the three main elements that maximise stability?
Ligaments, labrum and muscles
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What are the three GH ligaments?
Superior, medial and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
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What does the superior GH ligament resist?
Full adduction
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What does the medial GH ligament resist?
External rotation
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What does the inferior GH ligament resist?
Abdution and internal/ external rotation
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What are the additional ligaments?
Coracohumeral and coracoacromial
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What does the coracohumeral ligament do?
Binds coracoid process to greater tubercle
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What does the coracoacromial ligament do?
Forms a bridge over thr top of thr joint and binds the coracoid with the acromion.
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What is the function of the labrum?
Deepends the glenoid fossa by forming a rim, helps stabilise the joint
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What provide the main stability to the shoulder?
The four rotator cuff muscles along with the long head of the biceps and long head of triceps
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What are the names or the four rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis
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What does the long head of biceps help stabilise?
Anterior and superior
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What does the long head of triceps help stabilise?
Posterior and inferior
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What are the anterior glenohumeral muscles?
Pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, subscapularis, biceps brachii
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What are the posterior GH muscles?
Infraspinatus, teres minor
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What are the superior GH muscles?
Deltoid and supraspinatus
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What are the inferior GH muscles?
Latissimus dorsi, teres major, triceps brachii long head
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What are the origins of pectoralis major?
Intertubercular groove of the humerus
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What are the insertions of pectoralis major?
Intertubercular groove of the humerus
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Actions of pectoralis major?
Adduct and medially rotate the humerus
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What are the insertions of coracobrachialis?
Tip of the coracoid process medial to the short head of biceps
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What are the insertions or coracobrachialis?
Medial aspect of the mid shaft of the humerus
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Actions of corachobrachialis?
Main muscle in horizontal adduction of shoulder
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What are the origins of subscapularis?
Medial two thirds of the costal surface of the scapula
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What are the insertions of subscapularis?
Lesser tubercle shoulder joint capsule and anterior upper shaft of the humerus
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Actions of subscapularis
Contributes to stability of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity during humeral movement, Internal/medial rotator of the humerus
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What are the origins of biceps brachii long head?
Supraglenoid tubercle
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What are the origins of biceps brachii short head?
Tip of the coracoid process
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What are the insertions of biceps brachii?
Via biceps brachii tendon on radial tuberosity
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Actions of Biceps brachii
Supinator, flexes elbow and shoulder, stabilises humeral head superiorly
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What are the origins of infraspinatus?
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
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What are the insertions of infraspinatus?
Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
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Actions of Infraspinatus
Stability of humeral head, external rotator of shoulder
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What are the origins of teres minor?
Two thirds of the lateral border of the scapula
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What are the insertions of teres minor?
Greater tubercle of the humerus
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Actions of teres minor
Along with infraspinatus, external rotator & stability, also assists adduction of humerus
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What are the origins of the deltoids?
Anterior border or the lateral third of the clavicle, lateral border of the acromion
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What are the insertions of the deltoids?
V shape deltoid tuberosity (lateral aspect of shaft of the humerus)
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Actions of deltoids
Adduction of shoulder. Anterior for flexion and medial rotation, Posterior for extension and lateral rotation
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What are the origins of supraspinatus?
Supraspinous fossa capsule
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What are the insertions of supraspinatus?
Tendon inserts upper facet of greater tubercle of humerus
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Actions of Supraspinatus
Stability of humeral head, inititiates abduction
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What are the origins of latissimus dorsi?
Spines and supraspinous ligaments T7-T12, posterior part of iliac crest, lower 4 ribs
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What are the insertions of latissimus dorsi?
Inferior angle scapula, intertubercular groove of humerus
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Actions of Lattisimus Dorsi
Arm extensor, adductor and medial rotator of the humerus
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What are the origins of teres major?
Dorsal aspect of the inferior angle scapula and the lateral border of the scapula
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What are the insertions of teres major?
Medial lip of the intertubercular groove
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Actions of Teres major
Extends shoulder joint, adducts and medially rotates the humerus
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What are the origins of triceps brachii?
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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What are the insertions of triceps brachii?
Olecranon process of ulna
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Actions of Triceps brachii
Elbow joint extensor, assists adduction, extension and hyperextension of shoulder joint, stabilises humeral head inferiorly
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Sagittal plane, mediolateral axis

Back

Flexion/extension occurs of GH hoint occurs in what plane/axis?

Card 3

Front

Transverse plane

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Ligaments, labrum and muscles

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Superior, medial and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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