What are the two blood vessels involved in transporting deoxygenated blood IN ADULTS?
Vena cava vein (blood from body to right atrium) and pulmonary artery (blood from right ventricle to lungs)
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What are the two blood vessels involved in transporting oxygenated blood IN ADULTS?
Pulmonary vein (blood from lung to left atrium) and Aorta (blood from left ventricle to body)
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Where does oxygenated blood from the placenta (through umbilical vein) come in?
Through the inferior vena cava to the right atrium
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Where does deoxygenated blood from the fetus' body come from?
The superior vena cava to the right artium
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Where does this mix of blood travel to next?
Through the tricuspid valce to the right ventricle.
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Once in the right ventricle, where does the blood travel to next??
The left side of the heart, through septums!
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What is the septum on the right atrium called?
Septum primum
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What is the septum on the left atrium called?
Septum secundum
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When pressure is higher in the right atrium than left, what hole forms?
Foramen ovale
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What other adaptation does the fetal heart have?
Small blood vessel between the pulmonary artery and aorta (ductus arteriosus)
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At birth how long does it take for the septums and ductus arteriosus to close?
About 60 seconds
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What pushes the two septums close together?
Amniotic fluid comes out through the mouth, the alveoli inflate and the even pressure between the two artia causes it to close
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How does the ductus arteriosis close?
The increase in O2 levels constrict the DA and the cutting of the umbilical arteries and veins cause it to collapse
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What are the characteristics of fetal ethrocytes?
They are larger, they are larger in quantity and the Hb has a higher affinity for oxygen
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Why does the fetal Hb have to have a higher affinity for O2?
The uterus is not oxygen rich and the placenta is a much slower system for O2 exchange
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What happens to fetal Hb once the baby is born?
RBCs are broken down in the liver into Haem and Globin
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What is Haem then broken down into?
Iron and Bilirubin
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What features does unconjugated bilirubin have?
It's insoluble and cannot be excreted by the body
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What does unconjugated bilirubin bind to?
Plasma albumin, which is transported to the liver and bound to sugars
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What happens to the conjugated bilirubin now?
It is excreted into bile and transported into the intestines where flora transforms it. It is urinated out (urobilin) or excreted out (stercobilin)
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What is jaundice and how does it form?
Too much bilirubin, liver can't cope with rate of RBC breakdown (bilirubin production) so unconjugated BR settles in fat under skin
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What factors decrease the risk of jaundice?
Baby feeding well (to flush bilirubin out)
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What is physiological jaundice?
At day 3, intestinal transit is slower, lower capacity to flush bilirubin out (lower volume of colostrum)
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What is pathological jaundice?
Jaundice in first 24hrs of life. RFs: bruising from delivery (RBCs broken down), feeding not well established, delayed passage of meconium and rhesus factor
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What advise is given for treating jaundice?
Baby in natural light (***** them down) and establish good feeding. Jaundice usually resolved within 10 days.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the two blood vessels involved in transporting oxygenated blood IN ADULTS?
Back
Pulmonary vein (blood from lung to left atrium) and Aorta (blood from left ventricle to body)
Card 3
Front
Where does oxygenated blood from the placenta (through umbilical vein) come in?
Back
Card 4
Front
Where does deoxygenated blood from the fetus' body come from?
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