The English Revolution 1625 - 1660.

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  • Created by: alanisjw
  • Created on: 18-01-18 22:23
Annus Horribills
First used by Queen Elizabeth II, the term means a ‘horrible year’ and has entered our vernacular to describe a period dominated by one catastrophe after another.
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Address
A polite request to be heard on specific subject.
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Agitator
Not a pejorative term in the seventeenth century: it had no negative connotations, but simply meant someone who spoke on behalf of others.
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Aldermen
High-ranking members of a city or borough council, next to status to the Major.
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Apotheosis
‘To make divine’, i.e. to elevate someone to the rank of a God; Rubens’ work depicts James being carried towards God on the wings of a huge eagle and represents the close alliance between between his royal and God’s divine authority.
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Arminianism
A denomination of Protestantism whose members did not want Puritan reformation within the Church of England.
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Arsenal
A large store of weapons; in the 1640s there were significant arsenals in London, Hull, Oxford And Bristol.
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Billeting
The placement of soldiers into private houses where they would recieve food and a bed; billeting was used to solve a logistical problem of what to do with soldiers when they were away from home.
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Canon Law
The laws that apply within the Church.
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Canons
Rules that apply within the Church and are made up of a number of articles, which each cover a specific topic.
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Caroline
A term used to describe the period when Charles I was King of England.
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Catechism
A summary of the principles of Christian religion on the form of questions and answers used for religious instruction.
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Christendom
A collective term for Christian countries.
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Civilian
Anyone who is not a member of the armed forces.
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Common Land
Land that belongs to a community as a whole, with shared ownership and protected rights, such as the right to graze sheep on its grass.
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Commonwealth
A term which contemparies would have understood to have evolved from ‘the common wealth’ which signified the general well-being of the people in a community. When used in a political sense, as ‘The Commonwealth’.
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Conscript
To enlist someone into an army by law rather than by their own decision.
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Constitutional
Refers to matters relating to a constitution, the rules that state how a country should be governed and who exercises power.
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Cornet
The lowest ranking officer class in the New Model Army.
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Deposed
To be removed from office.
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Dogma
The set of religious beliefs that inform one’s religious practice.o become more dogmatic means that you insist on being able to peruse your beliefs to the full, which in 1630s England meant that religious divisions began to sharpen in focus.
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Dowry
A sum of money and other goods that a bride’s family gave to her husband upon marriage.
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Dragoons
Infantrymen who rode to battle on horses but then left their horses behind the front line to fire their muskets.
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Electoral Reform
Any reform of the system by which people elect their representatives; the Heads of the Proposals called for a redistribution of Parliament’s electoral boundaries to take into account shifts in population.
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Embezzlement
The theft of money that belongs to one’s employer.
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Excommunication
A well-established religious punishment which meant that a person was excluded from attendance in church and would automatically go to hell when they died.
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Executive Power
The ability to administer government on a day-to-day basis, ensuring that Parliamentary legislation is carried out across the country. It also includes responsibility for foreign policy and defence.
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Feudalism
Was the organisation of society imposed on England by the Normans after 1066.
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Fiscal
Fiscal is another word for financial.
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Front
The point at which one army engages with another; fighting on more than one front at a time puts enormous pressure onto an army because it effectively means that two or more complete armies, with equipment, food and manpower.
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Garrison
A group of soldiers, stationed in a town or fortress to defend it.
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Habeas Corpus
‘You have the body’; it is an ancient legal principle that prevents the punishment of anyone without making formal charges and allowing the person to defend themselves; at its heart is the assumption of innocence until proof of guilt.
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Hagiography
A genre of writing that focuses on the lives of the saints.
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Hundreds
Administrative units made up of a number of parishes within a county; a parish is the smallest administrative unit of local government and is formed of the dwellings that are serviced by a particular church.
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Impeachment
Refers to an accusation against someone in public office, claiming that they have acted unlawfully, even treacherously, in their conduct while in office.
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Jacobean
A term used to describe James’ Rule.
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Junto
A political grouping and a precursor to our modern idea of political parties.
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Libel
The offence of writing something that harms someone’s reputation.
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Martial Law
This was declared by the King and overruled normal legal processes such as trial by jury; sentences could be handed down with the right of appeal.
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Mount Calvary
The location in Jerusalem where Christians believe that Jesus was crucified, on a cross alongside two thieves.
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Mutiny
When the authority of the commanding officer is wilfully disregarded by his subordinates.
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Preogative
The exclusive rights of a sovereign, which are subject to no legal restriction.
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Presbyterian
A Church structure that does not have bishops.
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Recusancy
Not attending your local parish church for services, which carried a financial penalty.
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Remonstrance
A strongly worded protest.
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Royalist
Supporters of the King during the Civil War period.
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Ship Money
A prerogative form of income that a monarch could levy on coastal towns to provide emergency funds in time of conflict or threat, in order to defend coastal regions and equip the fleet.
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Treason
The crime of betraying one’s country; this was a capital crime, which meant that a conviction automatically led to a sentence of death.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A polite request to be heard on specific subject.

Back

Address

Card 3

Front

Not a pejorative term in the seventeenth century: it had no negative connotations, but simply meant someone who spoke on behalf of others.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

High-ranking members of a city or borough council, next to status to the Major.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

‘To make divine’, i.e. to elevate someone to the rank of a God; Rubens’ work depicts James being carried towards God on the wings of a huge eagle and represents the close alliance between between his royal and God’s divine authority.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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