The Digestive System + The Liver
0.0 / 5
- Created by: Bethey23
- Created on: 25-04-21 03:47
The liver is the ..... largest organ in the body after what?
- The 2nd largest organ in the body after the skin
1 of 37
How many lobes is the liver divided into?
- 2
- The larger right lobe + the smaller left lobe
- The larger right lobe + the smaller left lobe
2 of 37
How many roles does the liver have + what
are the main ones?
are the main ones?
- Over 200+
- Main roles: storing some nutrients, converting fats into energy when the body needs it, producing bile, producing proteins, helping the blood to clot, + breaking down harmful substances
- Main roles: storing some nutrients, converting fats into energy when the body needs it, producing bile, producing proteins, helping the blood to clot, + breaking down harmful substances
3 of 37
What is the major function of the digestive system?
- To convert food eaten into a form utilized by the cells for energy
- Without a functioning digestive system, adequate nutrition + some enzyme production would not occur
- Without a functioning digestive system, adequate nutrition + some enzyme production would not occur
4 of 37
Describe the function of the salivary glands
- Get active when the body sees + smells food
- When the mouth chews, it activates salivary glands in preparation for the breakdown of food
- Saliva is a mixture of water, mucus, antibacterial substances, + digestive enzymes
- Amylase is a digestive enzym
- When the mouth chews, it activates salivary glands in preparation for the breakdown of food
- Saliva is a mixture of water, mucus, antibacterial substances, + digestive enzymes
- Amylase is a digestive enzym
5 of 37
Describe the function of the tongue
- A large, involuntary muscle containing taste buds (papillae) + nerve endings for sense of taste
- When swallowing, the tongue passes the food into your throat + into your oesophagus
- When swallowing, the tongue passes the food into your throat + into your oesophagus
6 of 37
Describe the epiglottis
- Flap in the throat, attached to the entrance of the larynx, which keeps food from entering the windpipe + lungs
- It stands open during breathing allowing air to flow into the larynx, but closes during swallowing to force liquids or food into the oesoph
- It stands open during breathing allowing air to flow into the larynx, but closes during swallowing to force liquids or food into the oesoph
7 of 37
Describe the oesophagus
- Receives food from the mouth when a person swallows
- A series of muscular contractions known as peristalsis delivers food to the stomach
- First a ring-like muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus, called the lower oesophageal sphincter, has to relax to
- A series of muscular contractions known as peristalsis delivers food to the stomach
- First a ring-like muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus, called the lower oesophageal sphincter, has to relax to
8 of 37
Describe the stomach
- Hollow organ that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes. These enzymes continue the process of breaking down food into a useable form. Cells in the lining of the stomach secrete a strong acid + powerful enzymes that are responsible for
9 of 37
Describe the gallbladder
- Stores bile + secretes bile into the duodenum under the stimulation of the cholecystokinin (a hormone secreted by cells in the duodenum + stimulates the release of bile into the intestine + secretion of enzymes by the pancreas) via the bile duct. This h
10 of 37
Describe the duodenum
- The first part of the small intestine
- After foods mix with the stomach acid, it moves into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile from the gallbladder + digestive juices from the pancreas
- After foods mix with the stomach acid, it moves into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile from the gallbladder + digestive juices from the pancreas
11 of 37
Describe the pancreas
- A long, narrow organ which consists of head, body + tail
- The cells of the pancreas produce the hormones insulin + glucagon
- It produces enzymes which are released into the duodenum to aid digestion
- The cells of the pancreas produce the hormones insulin + glucagon
- It produces enzymes which are released into the duodenum to aid digestion
12 of 37
Describe the ileum
- Small intestine
- Approximately 6 metres long + divided into 3 parts: DUODENUM, JEJUNUM, + ILEUM
- The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients
- Food moves along the small intestine by a process of segmentation, which occu
- Approximately 6 metres long + divided into 3 parts: DUODENUM, JEJUNUM, + ILEUM
- The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients
- Food moves along the small intestine by a process of segmentation, which occu
13 of 37
Describe the Caecum
- The first part of the large intestine
- Food residue enters the caecum from the ileum
- The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water to turn food residue into faeces
- The large intestine absorbs vitamins + minerals, electrolytes + som
- Food residue enters the caecum from the ileum
- The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water to turn food residue into faeces
- The large intestine absorbs vitamins + minerals, electrolytes + som
14 of 37
Describe the appendix
- Is a small, thin pouch about 5-10cm (2-4 inches) long
- It is connected to the large intestine + the precise function of the appendix is not clearly understood
- It is connected to the large intestine + the precise function of the appendix is not clearly understood
15 of 37
Describe the colon
- Part of the large intestine consisting of 4 parts: ascending, transverse, descending + sigmoid colon
- It is a long, coiled, tube-like organ that removes water from digested food
- The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colo
- It is a long, coiled, tube-like organ that removes water from digested food
- The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colo
16 of 37
Describe the rectum
- As faeces enters the rectum a defecation reflex is initiated by the stretching of the rectal walls
- The Valsalva manoeuvre (contraction of the abdominal muscles + the diaphragm) creates intra-abdominal pressure + assists in the process of defecation
- The Valsalva manoeuvre (contraction of the abdominal muscles + the diaphragm) creates intra-abdominal pressure + assists in the process of defecation
17 of 37
Describe the anus
- The opening where the gastrointestinal tract ends + faeces exits the body
18 of 37
Throughout the digestive tract how many layers of tissues/ tunicas exists all the way from the oesophagus to the anus?
- 4
19 of 37
What is the mucosa?
- The innermost layer of tissue
- It secretes mucus to protect the digestive system from wear + tear
- It secretes mucus to protect the digestive system from wear + tear
20 of 37
What is the submucosa?
- A thick layer of connective tissue containing blood vessels + lymph glands + nerve supply (meissnerss plexus)
21 of 37
What is the muscularis layer?
- The final layer
- Smooth muscle containing blood + lymph nodes + the myenteric plexus a network of nerves
- Smooth muscle containing blood + lymph nodes + the myenteric plexus a network of nerves
22 of 37
Food is propelled from the mouth into the oesophagus + moved by what into the stomach?
- Moved by peristalsis
- This is the involuntary movement of muscles within the digestive tract which occurs in waves
- This is the involuntary movement of muscles within the digestive tract which occurs in waves
23 of 37
What does peristalsis begin the process of?
- The process of churning + mechanical digestion
24 of 37
Food enters the cardiac region of the stomach by what?
- The sphincter of muscle known as the cardiac/ oesophageal sphincter + helps food to stay in the stomach
25 of 37
Within the cardia region of the stomach what is food converted into?
- Chyme
- Chyme is a semi-fluid mass of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid + various digestive enzymes
- Chyme is a semi-fluid mass of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid + various digestive enzymes
26 of 37
What happens to food once it is converted into chyme?
- It enters the small intestine from the pylorus, going through another sphincter, the pyloric sphincter
- This second sphincter controls chyme + food products leaving the stomach + continuing into the next stage of the digestive process
- This second sphincter controls chyme + food products leaving the stomach + continuing into the next stage of the digestive process
27 of 37
What is the name of the hormone in the bloodstream that stimulates the production of gastric juices to promote digestion?
- Gastrin
28 of 37
How many stages are there in digestion that control gastric juice production?
- 3
1. Cephalic stage: there is an expectation + preparation for food, triggered by the brain. This induces contractions + increased gastric juice secretion
2. Gastric stage: marked by gastric motility + an increase in gastric juice production. The gastri
1. Cephalic stage: there is an expectation + preparation for food, triggered by the brain. This induces contractions + increased gastric juice secretion
2. Gastric stage: marked by gastric motility + an increase in gastric juice production. The gastri
29 of 37
How many stages are there in digestion that control gastric juice production? (continued)
3. Intestinal stage: food products move into the duodenum resulting in reduced gastric motility + gastric secretion. When acidic chyme moves into the duodenum where the hormones secretin + cholecystokinin reduce the production of gastric juice + gastric m
30 of 37
What is the primary function of the small intestine?
- For the absorption of nutrients
- Enzymes are released into the small intestine from the pancreas
- Enzymes are released into the small intestine from the pancreas
31 of 37
What are the finger-like structures on the surface of the mucosa called + what is their function?
- Villi
- Allow nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream
- Allow nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream
32 of 37
Food reside enters the Caecum from what?
- The ileum (final part of the small intestine)
33 of 37
How long does food residue transit take?
- 24-48 hours
34 of 37
What is the digestive process influenced + controlled by?
- Several hormones + enzymes
35 of 37
What are hormones responsible for?
- The regulation of blood chemicals
36 of 37
What do enzymes aid?
- Chemical digestion of food products
37 of 37
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How many lobes is the liver divided into?
Back
- 2
- The larger right lobe + the smaller left lobe
- The larger right lobe + the smaller left lobe
Card 3
Front
How many roles does the liver have + what
are the main ones?
are the main ones?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the major function of the digestive system?
Back
Card 5
Front
Describe the function of the salivary glands
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- A&P revision recommendations »
- Anatomy and Physiology of Cats and Dogs »
- What life science degree should I do? »
- Should I do Medicine? HELP! »
- I think I’ve swallowed a bone or am I just overthinking!?… »
- Diagnostic Radiography recommendations? »
- Uni Course help »
- Physiotherapy neuro revision »
- Uclan university pharmacy »
- Struggling with physiology »
Similar Nursing resources:
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
5.0 / 5 based on 5 ratings
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made