molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that are the building blocks of proteins
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active site
the site on an enzyme where the reactants bind
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amylase
enzyme that speeds up the digestion of starch into sugars
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bile
neutralises stomach acid to give a high pH for the enzymes from the pancreas and small intestine to work well. It is not an enzyme
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carbohydrases
enzymes that speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars
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carbohydrates
molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide the energy for the metabolism and are found in foods such as rice, potatoes, and bread
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catalyst
a substance that speeds up the rate of another reaction but is not used up or changed itself
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denatured
the breakdown of the molecular structure of a protein so it no longer functions
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enzymes
biological catalysts, usually proteins
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fatty acids
part of the structure of a lipid molecule
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glycerol
part of the structure of a lipid molecule
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lipase
enzymes that speed up the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
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lipids
include fats and oils and are found in foods such as butter, olive oil, and crisps. They are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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metabolism
the sum of all the reactions taking place in a cell or the body of an organism
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organ
an aggregation (collection ) of different tissues working together to carry out specific functions
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organ system
a group of organs that work together to carry out specific functions and form organisms
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proteases
enzymes that speed up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids
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proteins
molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and are made of long chains of amino acids. They are used for building the cells and tissues of the body and to form enzymes
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simple sugars
small carbohydrate units, for example glucose
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tissue
a group of specialised cells with a similar structure and function
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